海洋滩涂沉积物环境中几类主要细菌的动态分布  

The dynamic distribution of some main bacteria in the marine shoal mud

作　　者：薛超波[1] 王国良[2] 金珊[2] 陆彤霞[2] 

机构地区：[1]舟山市疾病预防与控制中心,浙江舟山316000 [2]宁波大学生命科学与生物工程学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《中国微生态学杂志》2007年第5期426-428,共3页Chinese Journal of Microecology

摘　　要：目的 研究宁波市宁海县贝类养殖滩涂中异养细菌、反硝化细菌、氨化细菌和硫酸还原菌等几类细菌的动态分布及异养细菌的菌群组成。方法 异养细菌的计数采用平板菌落计数法；反硝化细菌、氨化细菌和硫酸还原菌的计数采用MPN法；并参照Oliver提供的海洋细菌鉴定检索图、《海洋调查规范》和《一般细菌常用鉴定方法》提供的图式将分离到的细菌鉴定至属。结果 滩涂沉积物环境中异养细菌的数量波动在8．00×10^3～7．60×10^4CFU／g（湿重），反硝化细菌的数量变动在5．00×10^2～5.00×10^4个／g（湿重），氨化细菌的数量变动在3．00×10^5～5．00×10^7个／g（湿重），硫酸还原菌的数量分布在9.00×10^4～9.00×10^6个／g（湿重），温度的变化对这几类细菌的数量分布没有直接的影响。所分离的细菌经过鉴定，可归于15个属与肠杆菌科的部分属，其中肠杆菌科（Enterobacteriaceac）的部分属、梭状芽胞杆菌属（Clostridium）、芽胞杆菌属（Bacillus）、棒状杆菌属（Corynebacterium）、发光杆菌属（Photobacterium）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）等为优势菌属。沉积物中氨化细菌、反硝化细菌和硫酸还原菌的检出率均为100％，且含量很高。结论 经过多年不问歇的养殖后，宁海贝类养殖滩涂已经不同程度地受到了污染，应尽快调整养殖容量并对养殖环境进行重新布局。Objective To study the dynamic distribution of heterotrophic bacteria, ammonffying bacteria, denitrifring bacteria, sulphate reducing bacteria, and the microflora of the heterotrophic bacteria in the marine shoal mud. Methods The method of agar plate count was used to study the number of heterotrophic bacteria（ HB）, while the quantitative distribution of denitrifying bacteria （DB）, ammonifying bacteria （AB） and sulphate reducing bacteria （SRB） were investigated by the method of MPN. The Bacterial strains were identified to the genus level according to the references. Results The HB numbers ranged from 8.00 × 10^3 CFU/g to 7.60 × 104 CFU/g, while the numbers of DB,AB and SRB ranged from 5.00 × 10^2 to 5. 00×104cell/g,3.00 × 10^5 to 5.00 × 10^7cell/g and 9.00 × 10^4 to 9. 00 × 10^6cell/gl respectively. Temperature had no obvious effect on the numerical distribution of the above mentioned bacteria. All the isolated bacteria mainly belong to 15 genera, some genera of Enterobacteriaceae, and the predominant genera were some genera of Enterobaeteriaeeae, Clostridiurn, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Photobacterium and Pseudomonas. The positive detection rates of DB, AB and SRB were 100%, and the contents were high, too. Conclusion It was important to regulate rational breed capacity and distribute a new breed environment.

关 键 词：养殖滩涂 异养细菌 氨化细菌 反硝化细菌 硫酸还原菌 

分 类 号：R117[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]