低剂量电离辐射对医用诊断X射线工作者染色体畸变的影响  

Effect of Low Dose of Ionizing Radiation on Chromosome Aberration in Medical X-ray Workers

作　　者：姚玉华[1] 姚文[2] 杨平[2] 陈道涌 戴江红[1] 地力夏提.亚克甫 

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,乌鲁木齐830054 [2]上海市虹口区疾病预防控制中心 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区卫生厅疾病控制处

出　　处：《地方病通报》2007年第5期8-11,共4页Endemic Diseases Bulletin

摘　　要：目的了解职业性低剂量外照射对射线工作者的细胞遗传学的影响。方法采用微量全血培养法进行常规染色体畸变分析;职业外照射剂量,采用TLD剂量计测得。结果（1）放射组的畸变细胞率为0.464%,比对照组的0.149%,差异明显（P〈0.01）。（2）放射组各类型的染色体畸变率与性别没有关系（P〉0.05）;（3）放射组不同工龄组之间双＋环畸变率、无着丝粒畸变率、畸变细胞率均无显著性差异,但单体型畸变在工龄为10～29年工龄组最高,经统计学检验有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;（4）染色体畸变率随着累积剂量的增加而升高。高剂量组无着丝粒畸变率0.448%、畸变细胞率为0.586%、单体型畸变率为1.241%,均有显著性差异（P〈0.001）。结论长期受职业性小剂量外照射可引起染色体畸变率增高。因此,必须做好放射卫生防护工作。　Objective To study cyogenetical effect of low-dose occupational radiation exposure on medical X-ray workers.Methods Whole blood samples were cultured and aberrant cells were analyzed with microscope.Occupational radiation dose was detected by TLD dose meter.Results （1）The rates of aberrant cells were 0.464% in the radiation exposed group and 0.149% in the controlled,and there was a very significant difference（P〈0.01）between the two groups.In the radiation group,some indexes such as dicentric chromosome aberration,acentric chromosome aberration,cell aberration,chromatid aberration also significantly increased（P〈0.01 or P 〈0.05）.（2） The rate of cell aberration were 0.553% in the male and 0.35% in the female,and there was no significant difference（P〉0.05） between the male and female.（3）Compared with the length of service,the rate of chromatid aberration was the highest in the workers serviced for 10-29 years than that in workers serviced for 0-9 years and over 30 years.There was no significant difference（P〉0.05） in those groups except the chromatid aberration（P〈0.05）.（4）The rate of chromosome aberration increased with the accrescence of the accumulated radiation doses of five-year.In the highest dose group,the rate was 0.448% of acinetic chromosome aberration,0.586% of chromosome aberration,0.586% of cell aberration,1.241% of chromatid aberration.There was significant difference（P〈0.01）.Conclusions Low-dose radiation exposure for long-term can increase the chromosome aberration rate.Radiation protection shouldbe tightened in the medical X-ray workers.

关 键 词：染色体畸变 累积剂量 医用诊断X射线工作者 

分 类 号：R14[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]