儿童攻击性的精神分析式解读——温尼科特的攻击性理论  

Interpretation of Children's Aggression from the View of Psychoanalysis——Winnicott's Theory of Aggression

作　　者：郗浩丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》2007年第5期111-115,共5页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：江苏省教育科学"十一五"规划课题(C-a/2006/01/014)

摘　　要：攻击性是儿童较为常见的行为,理论界对攻击性的认识一直存在分歧。温尼科特的攻击性理论可以帮助我们从现代精神分析的视角理解儿童的攻击性。温尼科特认为,攻击性是与生俱来的,但其性质随着婴儿成长所依赖环境的不同而改变,够好的环境使儿童的攻击性逐渐整合,不够好的环境迫使攻击性以破坏的、反社会的方式显示出来。原初攻击性是原初爱的表达,并帮助儿童确立一个有自身界限的独立的外部世界。从客体关联到客体使用的发展过程中,儿童攻击客体同时客体幸存于攻击导致儿童对现实的确认和对内部客体与外部客体的区分。反社会倾向最初表达了被剥夺儿童的无助感,是向环境发出的求救信号,是对环境失败而阻碍情绪发展的一种补偿。Aggression is the familiar behavior in children, but there is difference to the understanding of it in theoretical circles. Winnicott thinks that aggression is inherent, but its quality changes along with the environment. Good-enough environment promotes the integration of children＇s aggression, but not good-enough one compels aggression to show itself in the way of destruction and antisocial action. Primary aggression is the expression of primary love. In the development from object-relation to object-usage, child destroys the object and the object survives destruction, which leads to the recognition of reality and to the distinction between the internal object and the external object. Antisocial tendency implies the hopefulness in a deprived child.

关 键 词：温尼科特 原初攻击性 客体使用 反社会倾向 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]