同步辐射X荧光分析用于苔藓植物监视大气污染的初步研究  

A preliminary SRXRF study on moss as air pollution monitor

作　　者：张元勋[1] 曹同[2] A Iida 杨传俊[1] 王敏[2] 曹清晨[1] 张桂林[1] 李燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201800 [2]上海师范大学生命与环境科学学院,上海200234 [3]PhotonFactory,NationalLaboratoryforHighEnergyPhysics,Tsukuba,Ibaraki305,Japan

出　　处：《核技术》2007年第9期730-734,共5页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KJCX3.SYW.N3);国家自然科学基金项目;上海市自然科学基金项目(05ZR14143);上海市教委科研重点项目(062219);北京正负电子对撞机国家实验室项目(VR-07004);日本光子工厂KEK实验室项目(2007G504)

摘　　要：为探讨苔藓植物监视大气污染的机理,我们将苔藓活体样本同时置于受工业污染的上海钢铁研究所和作为对照的上海应用物理研究所暴露一个月,在日本高能物理所(KEK)的同步辐射X荧光实验站上对它们的植株作常规的元素分析,对叶片、茎横切面作微区扫描测定,获取其Pb、Cu、Fe、Ni、Mn、Zn、Ca、K等金属元素分布。结果表明,苔藓植物的叶片和茎干吸附金属离子后不是均匀分布的,尤其是叶尖和中肋部位富集了K、Ni、Fe、Pb等元素。受污染苔藓的叶表吸附、富集了过量的Pb等金属离子,污染环境导致植物微结构和生长发育受到严重损伤,同时抑制了植物对K、Ca等微量营养元素的正常吸收。In an attempt to explore mechanisms of moss as air pollution biomonitor, moss samples were exposed for one month at Shanghai Iron and Steel Research Institute （SISRI, as a pollution site） and Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics （SINAP, as a control site） simultaneously. Elemental distributions in micro areas of the leaf and stem, and the whole moss tissue as well, were determined using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence （SRXRF） method. The contents of metal elements of Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn, Ca, K in the leaf surface and stem slice were obtained. The results showed that the metallic ions were not distributed uniformly in the polluted samples. In particular, K, Ni, Fe and Pb were concentrated in the leaf apex and the intermediate rib. In samples of the air pollution, excessive Pb was adsorbed and deposited in the leaf, causing serious damage to the plant growth and their microstructure and inhibiting the plant＇s normal absorption to nutritive elements, such as K and Ca.

关 键 词：苔藓 生物监视器 同步辐射 X荧光微探针 大气污染 

分 类 号：X835[环境科学与工程—环境工程]