施肥培肥措施对春玉米农田土壤氨挥发的影响  

Effect of fertilization on soil ammonia volatilization in spring corn fields.

作　　者：李红梅[1] 关春林[2] 周怀平[2] 杨治平[2] 解文艳[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院农产品综合利用研究所,太原030031 [2]山西省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,太原030031

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2007年第5期76-79,共4页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家科技攻关项目(2001BA508B09);国家高技术研究(863)发展计划项目(2002AA2Z4311-07)资助

摘　　要：采用通气法进行不同秸秆还田方式、施肥时期和方法对春玉米农田土壤氨挥发影响的研究。结果表明，秸秆还田同秋季耕翻深施肥结合，可以大幅度减少春玉米农田土壤氨挥发损失。试验测定期间，春施肥各处理的田间土壤氨挥发总量较大且处理间有明显差异，特别是秸秆直接还田春施肥处理（S3）氨挥发量最高，达30．36kg／hm^2，较不施肥处理多挥发26．91kg／hm^2，田间氨挥发损失占到施N肥总量的17．94％；秋施肥各处理的田间土壤氨挥发总量介于5．57～6．92kg／hm^2间，田间氨挥发损失仅占施N肥总量的0．28％～1．18％，各处理间差异甚微，氨挥发损失总量极低。春施肥同秋施肥处理间比较，田间土壤氨挥发总量也存在明显差异，以秸秆覆盖间（S2、A2）差异最小，为2．65kg／hm^2，以秸秆直接还田间（S3、A3）差异最大，为25．58kg／hm^2，氨挥发损失增加了1．77％～17．06％。Aeration method was used to study the influence of different modes of fertilization on soil NH3 volatilization on corn farmlands. Results show that the combination of straw soil incorporation and deep autumn fertilization significantly decreases soil NH3 volatilization. Cumulative total NH3 volatilizations under different autumn fertilization treatments are between 5.37kg/hm^2 and 6.92kg/hm^2, accounting for 0.28 % to 1.18 % of applied N through fertilization. However, no significant difference is observed among treatments. Cumulative total soil NH3 volatilization in spring fertilization treatments is higher than that of autumn, and a significant difference is observed among spring treatments. Difference in NH3 volatilization between spring and autumn treatments is obvious. The least difference （2.65kg/hm^2 ）is found between spring and autumn straw mulching and the highest difference（25.58kg/hm^2） is found between spring and autumn straw soil incorporation. About 1.77 % --17.06 % higher NH3 volatilization occurs in spring.

关 键 词：氨挥发 春玉米 施肥培肥措施 通气法 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]