湿地生态用水标准确定及配置——以白洋淀湿地为例  

The Standard and Allocation of Ecological Water Uses in Wetland:A Case Study in Baiyangdian

作　　者：鲍达明[1] 胡波[2] 赵欣胜[2] 崔保山[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家林业局野生动植物保护司,北京100714 [2]北京师范大学环境学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《资源科学》2007年第5期110-120,共11页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40571149);国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号:50239020)

摘　　要：基于湿地生态用水研究进展,本文从用水标准及配置方面进行了生态用水理论与应用分析。针对湿地生态用水标准的确定,给出了确定原则以及湿地生态用水配置优先级标准、湿地生态用水配置水量/水位标准和湿地生态用水配置水质标准;对于湿地生态用水配置程序的研究,制定了湿地生态用水配置原则、程序、方案、相关配套环境以及实现手段。其中,湿地生态用水配置方案的制定须从湿地用水价值(生态、经济、社会)分析、管理目标以及生态需水方式等几个方面考虑,相关配套环境主要是相关的政策法规环境、经济评价、公众教育及用水配置方案修正等。本文最后以海河流域白洋淀湿地为案例区进行了生态用水标准及配置分析,分别分析白洋淀生态用水的逐月水位标准以及白洋淀湿地"三期"(汛期、生物繁殖期以及非汛期)三类(最小、适宜以及理想生态用水量)的生态用水配置量。With the fast socioeconomic development in the country, the wetland has appeared a series of ecological environment problems, which leading to the declining of the ecosystem health and capabilities of rehabilitation of wetland. Among natural and human reasons, the scarcity of water resources is one of the main causes leading to the degradation of wetlands. Allocating enough water to wetland is one of effective measures to resume and restore wetlands. So the study of standard and allocation of ecological water use is becoming the hot point and forefront in the field of ecological water. Based on the review of the progress of wetland ecological water uses in domestic and overseas research, this paper mainly engages into the studying of the criterion and allocation of wetland ecological water uses. Firstly, this paper defines the criterion of wetland ecological water uses, which includes the principle of the standard of priority, and the standard of water amount/water level and the water quality of ecological water uses. Secondly, this paper brings forward the method of allocation of ecological water use which contains the principle, the process and scheme, and the implementation condition and strategy of ecological water use allocation. The determination of the allocation of ecological water uses should consider the ecological value, economic value, social value, management purpose and ecological water demand, and the matched implementation condition mainly includes the following respects： policies and regulations environment, economic assessment, public education and the revising of the allocation scheme. Policy, law, education and technical instrument are needed to insure the scheme implemented successfully. At last, based on the above analysis of the methods of standard and allocation of ecological water use, this paper takes baiyangdian as example to analysis the standard and allocation of ecological water use. As the typical lake wetland in the north of china, baiyangdian plays an important role in mai

关 键 词：湿地生态用水 配置 标准 白洋淀 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]