基于生物习性和流量变化的南水北调西线调水河道的生态需水估算  

Estimating Ecological Instream Flow Requirements for the Donating Rivers in the Western Route South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China Based on the Relationship Between the Life Habit and Flow Variation

作　　者：刘苏峡[1] 夏军[1] 莫兴国[2] 林忠辉[2] 刘昌明[1] 轩晓博[3] 吴春华[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环与地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [3]黄河勘测规划设计有限公司,郑州450003

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技》2007年第5期12-17,21,共7页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40671032);黄河勘测规划设计有限公司委托项目

摘　　要：提出一种基于生态保护对象的生活习性和流量变化的河道生态需水(EIFR)估算方法,简记为习变法(LiHaflo-Va)。方法通过建立流量变化与生物习性的定量联系,确定主要生态保护对象生活习性关键月份,既具有水文学方法的简便优势,又能尽可能多地考虑生物学特性,能较好地解决资料缺乏地区的生态需水估算问题。EFIR的计算包括两部分,对关键月,EIFR为该月中值流量与该月的流量变异系数的乘积。对其它月份,EIFR为90%超过概率流量与全年各月流量变异系数最小值之乘积。应用该法计算了南水北调西线一期工程包括达曲、泥曲、色曲、杜柯河、玛柯河和阿柯河等6条调水河流的生态需水。结果表明,河道内多年平均状态每年需保持的水量占多年平均年径流量的比例在达曲至少为24.7%,泥曲为46.4%,色曲为21.7%,杜柯河为21.6%,玛柯河为15.0%,阿柯河为15.7%。该比例系数基于研究区生态保护对象的生活习性,是流域的客观反映,可以作为制定工程最大可调水量的依据。计算表明,在工农业生产及居民生活用水大约占多年平均年径流量的6%的条件下,6条河多年平均意义上每年最大可调水总量为41.87×108m3,占6条河多年平均总径流量(60.5×108m3)的69.2%。An approach for estimating ecological instream flow requirements （EIFR） based on the relationship between the Life Habit and Flow Variation, simply called LiHafloVa method, is proposed in this paper. The advantage of the method taken over to others is its skill in relationship establishment between the flow variation and the life habit of the key ecological protection goals based on investigated data. After identifying the key ecological protection goals and their key stage months corresponding to the valley （relative minimum） of the seasonal variation of the coefficient variation （CV） of the discharge, EIFR is calculated in two parts. One is for the non-key stage months, which is the product of 90% exceedence flow and the minimum value of CV over the year. Another is for the key stage months, which is the product of 50% exceedence flow and the CV in the corresponding month. The LiHafloVa method is then applied to the 6 donating rivers including Daqu River, Niqu River, Sequ River, Dukehe River, Makehe River and Akehe River in the Western Route South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China. It is shown that the ratio of the total annul EIFR to total annual water resources is about 24. 7% for Daqu River, 46. 4% for Niqu River,21.7% for Sequ River, 21.6% for Duke River, 15. 0% for Makehe River,and 15.7% for Akehe River. The maximum multi-year averaged total annual water amount able to be withdrawn is 41.87×10^8m^3, about 69.2% of water supply（ 60.5×10^8m^3）

关 键 词：生态需水 变异系数 流量 生物生活习性 习变法 南水北调西线调水河流 

分 类 号：TV1[水利工程] X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]