西双版纳地区稻田甲烷的排放通量  

CH4 Emission from Paddy Fields in Xishuangbanna,SW China

作　　者：杨光明[1] 武文明[1] 沙丽清[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园

出　　处：《山地学报》2007年第4期461-468,共8页Mountain Research

基　　金：云南省自然科学基金(2004C0052M);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(批准号:KZCX1-SW-01)资助~~

摘　　要：2005年,采用静态箱(暗箱)-气相色谱法对云南西双版纳热带地区单季稻田甲烷(CH4)排放进行田间原位观测。试验设置了三个处理,即无氮肥对照处理(NN)、低氮施肥处理(LN)和高氮施肥处理(HN),氮肥(尿素和复合肥)水平分别为0 kg/(N.hm2)、150 kg/(N.hm2)和300 kg/(N.hm2)。结果表明在水稻生长期CH4排放通量的季节变化峰值出现在拔节孕穗期,且只有1个典型的排放峰。NN、LN和HN处理的CH4季节平均排放速率分别为6.69±0.37 mg/(m2.h)、7.19±0.43 mg/(m2.h)和6.04±0.31 mg/(m2.h)。不同氮肥用量对CH4排放通量的影响规律不明显。各处理的CH4排放通量与温度的相关关系不同,与稻田水深均无显著的相关关系。Atmospheric CH4 contributes about 15% to the greenhouse effect and its rank is next to CO2 in the atmosphere. CH4 emission from paddy fields plays an important role in global CH4 emission, which has been given special concern since industrial revolution. To this day the CH4 emission data are already available in all the five major rice culture regions in China, but there is still no relevant observation in tropical regions of China. By using the static opaque chamber and gas chromatography technique, a field experiment was carried out during rice growing season to investigate CH4 emission pattern from single rice fields in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, Southwest China. Three treatments were applied as the control （ NN, no N fertilizer application）, low N fertilizer level （ LN, 150 kg/ N ·hm^-2） and high N fertilizer level （HN, 300 kg/N ·hm^-2）. Urea was used as the main nitrogen source in this study. The results showed that CH4 emission varied seasonally and the typical emission peak appeared in bolting stage. The mean seasonal emission rates of CH4 were 6.69±0.37mg/m^2 ·h^-l, 7.19±0.43mg/m^2·h^-1 and 6. 04±0.31mg/m^2·h^-1 for treatment NN, LN and HN, respectively. The effect of N fertilizer application on CH4 emissions was uncertain. CH4 emission from LN treatment was significantly higher than that from HN treatment, while both LN and HN treatments showed no obvious difference with NN treatment. The correlation between CH4 emission and temperatures depended on different N fertilizer application levels and rice growing stages. The close re- lation occurred in bolting and heading stages when we observed the relatively larger CH4 eftluxes from rice fields. Although CH4 emission was strongly affected by water depth, no pronounced relationship appeared between CH4 emission and water depth over the rice growing season.

关 键 词：稻田 CH4排放 氮肥 温度 水深 

分 类 号：S13[农业科学—农业基础科学] X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学]