复杂构造解析中的几何学方法与应用  

GEOMETRICAL METHODS OF COMPLICATED STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND THEIR APPLICATION

作　　者：管树巍[1] 李本亮[1] 何登发[2] 汪新[3] John Suppe 

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院实验研究中心,北京100083 [2]中国地质大学能源学院,北京100083 [3]浙江大学地球科学系,杭州310027 [4]Department of Geosciences Princeton University

出　　处：《地质科学》2007年第4期722-739,共18页Chinese Journal of Geology(Scientia Geologica Sinica)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目01课题"中国西部典型叠合盆地盆山作用与复杂构造圈闭形成演化"(编号:2006CB202301);国家"十五"重点科技攻关项目"重点前陆盆地大-中型气田形成主控因素与富集规律"(编号:2004BA601A-04)资助成果

摘　　要：复杂构造地区的地震反射资料并没有直观地反映出深、浅层构造的真实形态。综合地表、地震和钻井、测井资料,应用等倾角区划分和轴面分析确定断层形态和褶皱形态在几何学上的定量关系,以达到预测地震资料较差地区的构造形态之目的,是行之有效的构造解释方法。在获得解释方案后可通过断层相关褶皱分析获得构造变形量、变形机制、变形过程和变形时间,进而定量模拟不同时代和不同序次台阶状逆断层及其相关褶皱的叠加过程。本文提供了塔里木盆地周边和准噶尔盆地南缘4个冲断带的研究实例,实例1详述了应用等倾角区划分和轴面分析开展构造精细解析的步骤;实例2从几何学和运动学的角度探讨帕米尔北缘乌帕尔冲断带在形成过程中断层形态、褶皱形态与位移量之间的定量关系;实例3从西昆仑山前甫沙冲断带三排背斜的生长地层底界由南向北逐渐抬升的现象阐述深部台阶状逆断层的"前列式"扩展作用;实例4运用构造趋势分析解释库车前陆盆地秋里塔格背斜带中段地表背斜轴线扭曲的运动学机理。Seismic data in the complicated geological area can＇t intuitionally reflect the actual geometries of surface and subsurface structures, hence, identification of dip domains and axial surfaces analysis, together with seismic reflection profiles and surface structural measurements, have been used to define the quantitative geometrical relationship between shape of fold and fault, which is an effective method to structural interpretation of poor seismic images. Geometrical and kinematical analyses based on structural interpretation will contribute to understand deformation process, time and dynamic mechanism, and quantitatively simulate the kinematic process of imbricate thrusting and their related folds of multi-order and multi-phase. We presented four examples, in which the above methods were effectively applied, from the southern margin of the Junggar Basin and the periphery of Tarim Basin. The steps of fine interpretation using dip domains and axial surfaces analysis were detailedly expounded in the first example. The quantitative relationship among the displacement and shape of fault and fold on the kine- matic process of Wuboer thrust belts in the northern margin of Pamir were discussed from perspective of geometry and kinematics in the second example. The break-forward thrusting was recognized by the gradually younger of the base of growth strata on the forelimb of the three anticlines in the Fusha thrust belt in the front of the West Kunlun Mountains in the third example, and kinematic model of the distortion in the middle part of the Qiultag anticline were constructed using structural trend analysis in the last example.

关 键 词：构造解析 几何学 轴面分析 构造趋势分析 前陆冲断带 中国中-西部 

分 类 号：P542[天文地球—构造地质学]