云南印楝区域试验寒害调查分析  

A Study on the Cold Injury of Azadirachta indica in the Regional Testing Areas of Yunnan Province

作　　者：张燕平[1] 彭兴民[1] 赖永祺[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2007年第5期694-698,共5页Forest Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BA18B03);国家林业局引进创新项目(2003-C01);云南省科技计划项目(2005YX20)

摘　　要：据印楝区域种植试验的常年观察,尤其是对苗木遭遇偶然低温寒害后的调查结果表明,极端低温是能否造成寒害或冻害的主要因素:极端低温≥2℃,不出现危害;>0℃而<2℃,会产生以枯叶和落叶为主的低温冷害,对植株持续生长无影响;<0℃会发生冻害,导致枝干部分或全株干枯,直至死亡;轻霜对印楝生长无影响,重霜会引起寒害,若伴有结冰,则危害加剧,相对湿度大,危害更重。树势强,树龄大,抗寒能力加强。导致印楝出现冷害或冻害的确切临界温度,尚待试验证实。参照多年气象资料,在极端低温>0℃的地方种植印楝,不会受到低温影响;极端低温<0℃,而出现概率极低的地方也可种植印楝,虽幼树可能会出现轻度寒害,但对生长发育无明显影响,仍能发挥印楝的生态效应和经济效应。Low temperature and cold injury need to be taken into account for the introduction of Azadirachta indica from its native with tropical climate condition to subtropical climate areas. The extremely low temperature is the most important factor to cold damage of A. indica. There was no cold injury in areas where the temperature was above 2 ℃. In the range of 0 - 2 ℃ some saplings exhibited symptoms of leaf fall and withering. The symptoms of tip, branch withering and stem death occurred as the lowest temperature was below 0 ℃. Cold injury was exacerbated by heavy rost and ice. An increase in relative humidity aggravated the extent of cold injury. The result from yearly ob- servation of cold damage and the analysis of meteorological data shows： branches or stems of trees died to different degrees throughout the winter, weak trees died, a few trees blossomed and fruited, and the fruits could not ripen when the mean daily minimum temperature lower than or equal to 0 ℃ was more than 1.5 days within one year. There was no cold injury to trees over 4 years old. Leaves of a few young trees died in the winter if the lowest temper- ature（ below 0 ℃ ） occurred occasionally when the mean daily minimum temperature ≤0 ℃ drop down to 0 days in one year. When the lowest temperature ranged between 0 - 2 ℃, young trees blossomed and fruited normally, some dieback occurred, and the tip or margin of leaflets dried. No symptom of cold injury occurred when the lowest temperature was above 2 ℃ in the winter. The oldest and strongest trees were more resistant to the coldness. Trees distributed in the valley-bottoms and on the northern slopes are apt to be affected by low temperatures.

关 键 词：印楝 区域试验 寒害 干热河谷 

分 类 号：S792.33[农业科学—林木遗传育种]