基于GIS的林火蔓延模拟的实现  

Realization of a simulation model for forest fire spread

作　　者：宋丽艳[1] 周国模[1] 汤孟平[1] 余树全[2] 郑文达 刘学松[4] 

机构地区：[1]浙江林学院环境科技学院,浙江临安311300 [2]浙江林学院林业与生物技术学院,浙江临安311300 [3]浙江省临安市林业局,浙江临安311300 [4]浙江省建德市林业局,浙江建德311600

出　　处：《浙江林学院学报》2007年第5期614-618,共5页Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30471390);浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(Y305261);浙江省林业厅重点招标项目(04A02)

摘　　要：为定量描述林火行为以辅助扑救决策,利用地理信息系统(GIS)软件建立林火蔓延模拟的空间背景并生成相应数据,运用林火蔓延模型且综合考虑火场地形、气象及可燃物类型等因子,采用点到点的传播方式,用Visual Basic 6.0开发软件,最终实现林火蔓延的动态模拟。模拟的结果表明,在地形条件一定的情况下,林火的初始蔓延速度和风速的大小对林火蔓延有明显的影响,不同的初始蔓延速度会导致不同的蔓延结果,随着初始速度的增大,蔓延面积也相应增加;不同的风速形成的火场面积不同,随着风速的增大,蔓延面积也相应增加,但火场的形状相似;坡向不同,接受阳光的照射不同,温度、湿度、土壤和植被都有差异,一般南坡比北坡更容易燃烧且蔓延速度快;不同的坡位会导致林地内水分含量不同,进而也会影响林火的蔓延速度。For decision making when fighting forest fires, it is important to quantitatively describe the behavior of a forest fire. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to achieve a dynamic simulation model for the spread of forest fires. Using GIS software, the space background of a simulation for forest fire spread was established and the initial data were originated. The fire spread model contained factors, such as terrain, weather, types of combustible materials, and point to point mode of transmission, while using Visual Basic 6.0. Results indicated that with a given terrain, varYing the initial spread rate could cause different spread patterns; also the area consumed by the fire increased with an increasing initial velocity, Different wind speeds resulted in dissimilar sizes for a fire scene. The size of a fire scene increased with wind speed, but the shapes of the scene were similar. The highly effective sample computations, balanced formula load, and perfect disposition increased simulation precision and efficiency. [ Ch, 5 fig. 12ref.]

关 键 词：森林保护学 森林火灾 林火蔓延模型 模拟 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]