醇对萃取有机相中形成微乳液的影响  

The Effects of Alcohols on The Stability of the Formed Microemulsion in Extraction Organic Phase

作　　者：沈兴海[1] 李改玲[1] 高宏成[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学技术物理系

出　　处：《北京大学学报（自然科学版）》1997年第2期153-157,共5页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：采用测定微乳液电导的方法，求得Ｐ５０７（Ｋ）－醇－正庚烷－水萃取有机相中，在含有不同的醇（正丙醇－正己醇）和不同量水时，形成微乳液的活化能ΔＥ，并通过它来讨论萃取有机相中形成微乳液的稳定性。实验结果表明，醇的碳链越长，活化能ΔＥ越大，形成的微乳液也越稳定，有利于萃取。因此在实际萃取体系中，常通过加入正己醇、正辛醇等长链脂肪醇作辅助溶剂，以避免发生乳化和形成第３相。The activation energy Δ E can indicate the strength of the interfacial membranes of microemulsion particles, so it would be used to discribe and discuss the stability of the formed microemulsion in extraction organic phase. Variations of activation energies with water contents for microemulsions formed in the organic phase of saponified P507(2 ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono 2 ethylhexyl ester) alcohol(n propanol, n butanol, n pentanol and n hexanol) heptane water were determined by measurement of electric conductivity. The curves between Δ E and water content V H 2O were given. It is found that Δ E of butanol system decreases slightly with the increase of water content, while that of pentanol and hexanol systems present a maximum. It is also found that the activation energy increases with the increase of the length of alcohol chain. These results evident that the longer length of alcohol chain, the bigger strength of the interfacial membranes of particles, and more stability of mecroemulsion. Based on the above results, hexanol or octanol always were used as co surfactant in extraction process.

关 键 词：微乳液 乙基己基膦酸 溶剂取 有机相 萃取 醇 

分 类 号：O658.2[理学—分析化学]