金昌镍铜矿区植物的重金属含量特征与先锋植物筛选  

Heavy Metals in Plants Growing on Ni/Cu Mining Areas in Desert,Northwest China and the Adaptive Pioneer Species

作　　者：廖晓勇[1] 陈同斌[1] 阎秀兰[1] 谢华[1] 翟丽梅[1] 聂灿军[1] 肖细元[1] 武斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心,北京100101

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2007年第3期486-495,共10页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家杰出青年基金项目(40325003);国家自然科学基金重点项目(40232022)

摘　　要：论文研究了西北荒漠的金昌镍铜矿区植物重金属特征,并初步筛选了植被重建的可用物种资源。该次调查共记录了32种高等植物,分属30属14科,调查区域的物种数为:露天矿(20种)>新尾砂库坝(13种)>露天矿周边(8种)>老尾砂库坝(6种)>老尾砂库(5种)。优势物种主要为:砂蓝刺头、中亚紫菀木、弯茎还羊参、乳苣、芦苇、针茅属、骆驼蓬、泡泡刺、角果藜。砂蓝刺头、弯茎还羊参、乳苣、芦苇和密叶锦鸡儿适宜作荒漠矿区植被重建的先锋植物,而种植针茅属和角果藜可用于西北荒漠的矿区土地重金属污染治理。矿区植物的地上部平均Cu含量最高,为52.9mg/kg。植物地上部Ni含量为5.1～155.6mg/kg,平均含量为39.1mg/kg。角果藜地上部Ni和Cu含量是所有植物中最高的,分别为155.6和239.0mg/kg。回归分析发现,Ni与Cu密切相关,Cu含量越高,Ni的富集和累积Ni量也越高。The types and metal concentrations of the plant communities in Jinchang＇s Ni/Cu mining areas in desert of Northwestern China were investigated.The number of plant species in different zone is in the order：strip mine （20 species ） 〉around new tailing pond zone （13 species）〉around strip mine zone （8 species ） 〉around old tailing pond zone （6 species ） 〉old tailing pond （5 species）.Thirty-two species belonging to 30 genera and 14 families were found growing on the spoil heap,including 9 dominant species：Echinops gmelini Turcz,Asterothamnus centraliasiaticus Novopokr,Crepis flexuosa （Ledeb.） Clarke,Mulgedium tataricum （L.） DC., Phragmites communis Trin.,Stipa sp.,Peganum harmala L.,Nitraria sphaerocarpa Maxim.,and Ceratocarpus arenarius L.The investigation showed that E. gmelini,C, flexuosa,M, tataricum,P. communis and C. densa were adaptive pioneer species,and planting Stipa sp. and C. arenarius could be used to remediate contaminated lands.The average Cu concentration in the aboveground plants was 52.9mg/kg,which was higher than the average concentrations of other metals.Ni concentrations in the aboveground plants were 5.1-155.6mg/kg,and the average value was 39.1mg/kg.Ni and Cu concentrations in the aboveground of C. arenar/us were the highest, 155.6 and 239.0 mg/kg,respectively.The result of regressive analysis indicated that uptake and enrichment of Ni by the plants was closely associated with Cu,and Ni concentrations in the plants were enhanced with the increased Cu concentration.

关 键 词：植物 重金属 筛选 重建 污染 修复 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]