茶树控释氮肥的施用效果与合理施用技术研究  

Effects of a controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on tea yield and quality and rational application technology

作　　者：韩文炎[1] 马立锋[1] 石元值[1] 阮建云[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院茶叶研究所农业部茶叶化学工程重点实验室,浙江杭州310008

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2007年第6期1148-1155,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：浙江省重点科技计划项目(2003C22016);国家科技攻关项目(2001BA502B02)资助

摘　　要：采用田间试验方法研究控释氮肥不同施用量和施用次数条件下土壤养分释放动态，以及对茶树养分吸收、叶片叶绿素含量，茶叶产量和品质变化的影响。结果表明，控释氮肥能明显延长氮在土壤中的留存时间，与普通尿素相比，NH4^＋-N浓度明显提高并能持续较长时间；而NO3^--N变化不大，使NO3^--N占总无机态氮含量的比例降低。控释氮肥在土壤中的这种动态变化与茶树对氮素的吸收规律基本同步，这不仅明显促进了茶树对氮素的吸收，而且对钾和锌等矿质元素的吸收也有所增强；茶树叶片叶绿素含量提高。与普通尿素相比，控释氮肥可减少30％氮肥用量而不影响茶叶产量和品质；相同的施肥量和施肥次数或施肥次数减少一次，茶叶仍增产6．6％～24．1％，平均12．9％；茶叶品质成分，特别是游离氨基酸含量也有明显提高。Rational application of controlled-release N fertilizer plays a significant role in increasing nutrient use efficiency, tea yield and quality. Field trials with different application quantities and times were conducted to study the effects of a controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on tea and rational application technology. The results showed that the controlled- release nitrogen fertilizer could significantly extend its release time in the soil, and keep higher NH4^＋ -N concentration for longer time, but the NO3^- -N concentration was not significantly different from that of urea, resulting in low ratio of NO3^- -N to total inorganic N. The nitrogen release characteristics of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer could basically match the N requirement of tea plants. The application of the controlled-release N fertilizer significantly increased N concentration in tea shoots, improved the absorption of K and Zn, and increased chlorophyll concentration in leaves compared with urea. The controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer rate could be reduced by at least 30% without affecting tea yield and quality. With same amount of N （600 kg/ha）, controlled-release N application increased tea yield by 6.6% -24.1% with an average of 12.9%, as well as tea quality components, especially free amino acids in tea shoots.

关 键 词：控释氮肥 茶树 NH4^+ NO3^- 施肥技术 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]