电离辐射工作者受照剂量及淋巴细胞遗传损伤探讨  

Impact of Ionization Radiation on Cytogenetic Inheritance Damage of Occupational Workers

作　　者：韩方岸[1] 胡云[1] 朱庆安[1] 仲志鸿[1] 徐庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]镇江市疾病预防控制中心,江苏镇江212000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2007年第3期290-294,共5页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

基　　金：镇江市2004年社会发展项目(SH2004039)

摘　　要：目的探索长期低剂量电离辐射剂量对职业人群健康相关指标的影响。方法暴露组配戴“TLD model469”个人剂量监测计,用“TLP-热释光剂量数据处理系统”测读结果;微量全血培养法检测染色体畸变及微核;健康监护相关指标检查。结果暴露组受照剂量最高192.02mSv/a,最低0.42mSv/a,人均年受照剂量5.47±0.37mSv/a;受照剂量<5mSv/a占59.63%,5～10mSv/a占33.61%,10～50mSv/a占5.06%,≥50mSv/a占1.18%;染色体总畸变率1.61%,高于对照组0.16%。受照剂量与染色体总畸变率呈正相关,r=0.982;与染色体细胞畸变率呈正相关,r=0.978,同位素组、介入放射组高于其他组(χ2=565.54、496.12,P<0.01)。染色体畸变率与放射工龄相关系数为r=0.971,呈曲线正相关。淋巴细胞微核率、微核检出率与放射工龄相关系数分别为r=0.962、r=0.957,呈曲线正相关。个人累积受照剂量与淋巴细胞微核率呈直线正相关,相关系数为r=0.97。与微核阳性检出率呈直线正相关,r=0.96。结论人体外周血淋巴细胞染色体总畸变率、畸变细胞率、淋巴细胞微核率和微核检出率在一定范围内与辐射剂量呈正相关关系;个人累积受照剂量低于国际放射防护委员会推荐的职业照射水平50mSv/a时,职业人群外周血染色体畸变、微核及健康相关指标已表现不同程度改变,表明现行国际放射防护标准有待进一步探讨。Objective To find about the impact of long term low dose of ionizing radiation to cytogenetic inheritance damage on occupational workers. Methods The doses were routinely monitored in the exposed workers by carrying out individual thermoluminiscent dosimeter “TLD mode l469”,and the results were dealt with the “TLP-hot light lumination dose data disposal system”.The chromosome aberrations and micronucleus were monitored using routine whole blood microculture method. The interrelated indexes of health wardship were examined.Results The highest dose of exposure group was 192.02 mSv/a , the lowest dose was 0.42 mSv/a and the average annual dose per person was 5.47±0.37 mSv/a. The dose distribution in exposure group：〈5 mSv/a was 59.63%,5- 10 mSv/a was 33.61%,10- 50 mSv/a was 5.06%,≥50 mSv/a was 1.18%.The chromosome aberration rate in exposure group was 1.61% and was higher than control group（0.16%）.The workers exposed dose revealed positive correlation with the chromosome aberration rate： r=0.982,P〈0.01 and with the cells chromosome aberration rate： r=0.978,P〈0.01.Isotopes group and interventional radiation group were higher than other group.（χ^2=565.54,496.12,P〈0.01）.Chromosome aberration rate in relation to radiation length revealed positive curvilinear correlation：r=0.971, P〈0.01. Blood lymphocytes micronucleus rate and micronucleus detection rate in relation to radiation length revealed positive curvilinear correlation：r=0.962, r=0.957,P〈0.01. Dose per person revealed positive linear correlation with lymphocytes micronucleus：r=0.97,P〈0.01, and with micronucleus positive detection rate：r=0.96,P〈0.01.Conclusion The chromosome aberration rate, the aberration cells rate, the lymphocytes micronucleus rate and the micronucleus detection rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes showed positive linear correlation with irradiation doses in a certain extent. When the occupation radiation dose level was lower than 50 mSv/a recommended by the“International Commission on Radiolog

关 键 词：电离辐射 放射工作者 受照剂量 染色体畸变 微核 

分 类 号：R144.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]