基于HEA方法的陕西省受损植被生态服务功能补偿评估  

Estimating Compensation for Damaged Vegetation Ecosystem in Shaanxi Province based on HEA

作　　者：张思锋[1] 余平[1] 孙博[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院,西安710049

出　　处：《资源科学》2007年第6期61-67,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：陕西省社科基金:"陕西省循环经济发展的重点突破战略及其推进机制研究"(编号:04D0152)

摘　　要：本文通过对HEA方法的改进，运用“中国生态系统生态服务价值当量因子表”，推导出受损植被生态服务功能补偿评估计算公式。以相关统计资料为依据，应用公式，对陕西省森林和草地生态服务功能的受损量和补偿量进行了评估。发现，1986年～2004年，陕西省的森林生态服务功能水平每年递增1．7％，草地生态服务功能水平每年递减3．0％；1986年～2014年，陕西省草地的关键生态服务功能的受损量8090．7万当量，平均每年受损289．0万当量，相当于1986年、1994年、1999年、2004年4年草地关键生态服务功能价值当量平均值746.7万当量的38．7％；2005年～2014年，以耕地作为被转换的生态系统，陕西省最少需要2201．6×104hm^2的耕地用于补偿爱损草地。若以难利用土地作为被转换的生态系统，陕西省最少需要558.9×10^4hm^2的难利用土地用于补偿受损草地。若把完成草地生态服务功能补偿的时间延长到2024年，则最少需要943．5×10^4hm^2耕地用于补偿受损草地，或最少需要239．5×10^4hm^2难利用土地用于补偿爱损草地。This paper focuses on selection of the standards and methods for estimating the damage of ecosystem services and compensation of damaged vegetation, and establishing a scientific, precise, and feasible system for estimating ecosystem services compensation of damaged vegetation. On the basis of reviewing relevant papers and literature related to ecological vegetation restoration and ecosystem services, this paper finds out that relevant studies lack quantitative methods in estimating the degree of ecosystem services damage and compensation of damaged vegetation. This paper brings in the method of HEA, which is mainly utilized in the Natural Resources Damage Assessment （NRDA） in the USA. The characteristic of HEA is that it estimates natural resources damage based on the calculation of ecosystem services loss of damaged natural resources. Through adapting the methods of HEA, this paper applies Table of Indicators of Ecological Systems Service Functions in China to deduce the formulae of estimating ecosystem services damage and compensation of damaged vegetation. Based on the relevant statistical materials of Shaanxi Province and application of the formulae, this paper estimates the damage and compensation of ecosystem services of forests and grassland in Shaanxi Province. The results show that from 1986 to 2004, the level of ecosystem services of forests in Shaanxi Province increased by 1.7% annually, and the level of ecosystem services of grassland decreased by 3.0 % annually. Furthermore, this paper calculates the scale of ecosystem services compensation and brings forward the countermeasures for compensating grassland in Shaanxi Province.

关 键 词：补偿评估 HEA方法 生态服务功能 植被 陕西 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]