基于生态服务价值的土地利用/覆盖变化生态效应测评  

Quantifying Response of Ecosystem to Land Use/Cover Changes in Yulin Prefecture based on Ecological Services Evaluation

作　　者：郝慧梅[1] 任志远[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安710062

出　　处：《资源科学》2007年第6期90-97,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(项目号:40371003)

摘　　要：在3S技术支撑下，运用生态服务价值测评方法测算榆林市生态资产时空分布，并消除气候波动的影响，构造土地利用变化生态效应指数和生态效应度等指标。研究表明：①土地利用变化和气候波动是导致榆林市生态服务总价值年际变化的主要因素，榆林市大部分区域1987年～1999年和1999年～2002年前后两阶段生态服务总价值变化中，土地利用变化的贡献率小于气候波动，这一结论说明在气候干旱、降雨年际变率大的区域进行生态建设，应确保其效益持续增加，生态建设方式、植被类型选择更应适应区域气候条件；②全市前后两个阶段的土地利用变化生态效应度分别为65．65元／（hm^2·年）、81．64元／（hm^2·年）；除榆阳、神木、米脂外，其余各区域的土地利用变化生态效应后一阶段高于前一阶段，在前一阶段，北6县土地类型间流转导致生态价值变化较南6县强烈；而后一阶段正好与之相反。The technologies of remote sensing （RS）, global position system （GPS）, geographic information system （GIS） and various ecological and economic analysis methods were employed in this paper, and based on remote sensing images, DEM and other data, and spatial and temporal distribution of ecological service values in Yulin Prefecture were calculated. In order to quantitatively evaluate the response of ecosystems to land use/cover changes, the factors affecting regional total ecosystems service were analyzed and separated, and response index and response degree of ecosystems to land use/cover changes were presented. The results revealed that 1 ） The total values of ecosystems services in Yulin Prefecture were 237.58 billion Yuan in 1987, 173.43 billion Yuan in 1999 and 283.69 billion Yuan in 2002, and varied with the spatial variation. Generally, the value of ecological services per unit land in Northern Six Counties is less than that in Southern Six Counties, while the total value of ecosystems services in Northern Six Counties is more than that in Southern Six Counties. During the study period, the proportions of the services values of farmland was decreasing continuously and that of forests and grasslands was increasing respectively, both in Northern Six Counties and Southern Six Counties. The sharpest increase in Northern Six County happened in forestland, and in Southern-Six-County grasslands; 2） Land use/cover changes and climate fluctuation are mainly responsible for the changes of regional total values of ecosystems service annually. Thus, only when the influence of climate fluctuation eliminated, the response of ecosystems to land use/cover changes can be evaluated more objectively. This was exactly indicated by the results of response indexes of ecosystems to land use/cover changes. For most of regions at different spatial scales in Yulin Prefecture, the contribution rate of land use/cover changes to the variation of total ecosystems services values is less than that of climate fluctuation du

关 键 词：榆林市 生态服务价值 土地利用/覆盖变化生态效应指数 土地利用/覆盖变化生态效应度 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济] X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]