我国华北地区湿地生态需水量研究探讨与应用实例  

Calculation methods and case study of wetland ecological water demand in Northern China

作　　者：朱婧[1] 王利民[2] 贾凤霞 张微[1] 刘建昌[1] 范秀英[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]保定市水利水电勘测设计院,保定071000 [3]北京市顺义区环境保护局,北京101300

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2007年第11期112-118,共7页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点科技攻关课题(96-920-17-01)

摘　　要：我国华北地区湿地通常处于缺水状态。当湿地分别为"资源型缺水"和"水质型缺水"时,目前常用的几种生态需水量估算方法的适用范围是不同的。水量平衡法是较通用的方法;而水量损失法和最低水位法主要适用于资源型缺水;物质平衡法和逐年环境改良法则主要应用于污染型缺水的情况。针对不同的情况可以选取相应的估算方法。本文应用不同估算方法,对河北保定白洋淀湿地和北京顺义杨镇湿地的生态需水量进行了估算,通过估算结果间的比较,反映出白洋淀湿地面临的污染问题更严重,而杨镇湿地更亟需解决的是资源型缺水问题,使其补偿措施更有针对性,能更好地协调人与湿地生态环境间的关系。Water shortage and water pollution are two problems of China＇ s wetlands in arid and semi-arid areas. Different estimating methods of ecological water demand should be used appropriately in the two cases. Water quantity balance method can be used in both of the two cases; water-loss quantity method and min water level method are suitable for the situation of water ment-changing-better-yearly method are suitable for shortage; otherwise, material balance method and environthe situation of water pollution. These methods are used to estimate the ecological water demand of Baiyangdian wetland and Yangzhen wetland. By comparing the results, Baiyangdian wetland was found to have worse pollution problems, and the Yangzhen wetland has to deal with the shortage of water. Suitable managements can well harmonize the relation between the people and wetlands ecosystem.

关 键 词：湿地 生态需水量 资源型缺水 水质污染 估算方法 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]