工作记忆中转换加工的内源性准备和外源性调节  

The Endogenous Preparation and Exogenous Adjustment of Switching Process in Working Memory

作　　者：郭春彦[1] 孙天义[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学心理系,北京100037

出　　处：《心理学报》2007年第6期985-993,共9页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30170322;30570603);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20040028001)项目;北京市重点<学习与认知>实验室资助;北京市属市管高校人才强教计划项目资助

摘　　要：考察工作记忆中转换加工的控制过程。采用"任务转换"范式,探究预知条件(实验一)和未预知条件(实验二)下的转换加工。结果发现:(1)任务重复与任务转换是两个不同的过程;无论是在预知条件还是未预知条件下都出现任务重复效应显著大于任务转换效应;(2)验证了转换加工包括内源性准备和外源性调节两个不同的加工过程,内源性准备只是任务设置重建的一部分;(3)对先后呈现的两个任务(任务1—任务2:任务重复或任务转换)在预知重复、预知转换和未预知条件下,任务2对任务1的影响不同,存在前瞻性记忆效应。由此推断转换加工的心理过程是:在预知情况下,任务1呈现后即启动内源性准备,直到任务2呈现时,通过外源性调节最终完成任务转换;而在未预知情况下,只能依赖外源性调节来实现。Switching process is an important aspect of executive control. The process is presented as controlling switching course between two tasks which compete the same cognitive resources in working memory. The course of switching involves both endogenous preparation without an external stimulus and exogenous adjustment in response to the external stimulus.But what is the general way to deal with information is not clear. A ＂Task - switch＂ paradigm was used in this study to investigate the switching process in behavioral experiments. Tasks consisted of a simple classification of Chinese words （noun/verb） or digits （odd/even）. For each task, a stimulus picture consisted of a background, one - word Chinese and a two - digit natural number. The task to be performed was indicated by the color of the background（If the color is red, the task is a digit task, and if it is blue, the task is a Chinese - word task）. We explored the switching process under foreknowledge conditions in experiment 1. Participants performed two tasks consecutively（task one and task two） that were either the same （task repetition） or different（task switch）, and there were three blocks for both task repetition and task switch. All the blocks were presented bythe sequence of ABBAAB. In experiment 2, we studied the switching process under no - foreknowledge condition. There were six blocks of stimulus and each block mixed with the trials of task repetition and the trials of task switch randomly. All the blocks were presented in a quasi- random sequence. The presentation （version 0.81） was used to compile the experimental procedures and the 17 inches （1024 x 768） Dell monitor was used to display stimuli. Thirty healthy and right - handed undergraduate students（12 men and 18 women） from the Capital Normal University participated in the experiments 1 and 2 respectively. The students＇ eyesight or corrected eyesight was normal, and their ages ranged from 19 -24 years （averaged： 20.03）. A repeated measure ANOVA

关 键 词：转换加工 转换代价 内源性准备 外源性调节 前瞻性记忆效应 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]