种瓜得豆:清季外官改制的舆论及方案选择  

Reaping What You Did Not Sow:Choice of Plans for Reforming the Provincial Bureaucratic System in the Qing Period and Public Reaction

作　　者：关晓红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史系近代中国研究中心,教授广州510275

出　　处：《近代史研究》2007年第6期21-40,共20页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：教育部哲学社科重大课题攻关项目(项目号05JZD00011);全国优秀博士论文作者专项资金项目(项目号200213)的部分研究成果

摘　　要：清季官制改革启动前,程序和步骤均有不同方案,选择结果对改革进程不无影响。当朝执政未能统筹全局,却照搬外国经验,从而内外官改制难以协调,督抚的双重身份又成为官制改革的症结及矛盾焦点。因改制权力频受削弱的督抚,设法图存扩张,先是多方表达自己的不满和诉求,继而利用立宪派和民众的请愿,公开向清廷施加压力。直至辛亥前夕,外官改制的最终方案仍未确定,由此引发的权与利的争斗,加速了清王朝垮台。所遗留的省级行政权力及其长官身份地位问题,成为民初割据纷争要因,且依然困扰着后来行政体制的规划者与建设者。On the eve of late the Qing reform of the bureaucratic system,there were a number of options under consideration for both the procedure and pace of reform,the choice of which would have a great effect on the progress of the reform.The regime failed to come up with an overall plan,and instead adopted foreign practices wholesale,and as a result the reforms of the central and provincial bureaucratic systems were not harmonized.The heart of the reform and the focus of its contradictions was the double identity of the governors and governors-general.As the reform weakened their power,the governors and governors-general sought ways to survive and expand their power.First,they began to express their dissatisfaction and grievances through various outlets.Then they took advantage of petitions to the Qing court from constitutionalists and the general populace to publicly exert pressure on the court.Right up to the eve of the 1911 Revolution,the final scheme for reforming the provincial bureaucratic system had still not been settled,and the incessant battle for power and advantage sped up the downfall of the Qing dynasty.The unresolved issues of the provincial administration's authority and the governor's status became the principal factors behind the endless fighting between regional regimes during the early Republican period,and continued to confound planners and builders of bureaucratic systems in subsequent regimes.

关 键 词：官制改革 督抚 舆论 清末新政 

分 类 号：D691.3[政治法律—政治学]