日本的国际战略与中日战争的扩大化——论联接中日战争和太平洋战争的一个关键原因  

Japan's International Strategy and the Expansion of the War in China:On a Key Factor Linking the War in China and the Pacific War

作　　者：鹿锡俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]日本大东文化大学国际关系学部

出　　处：《近代史研究》2007年第6期41-61,共21页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：本文旨在考察日本的国际战略在联接中日战争和太平洋战争中所起到的关键作用。分析的重点包括这个国际战略所包含的五个方面:对中国问题的解决方针;对第三国的政策;对九国公约与既有世界秩序的态度;对国际形势的判断;对"中国问题"与"世界问题"相互关系的应对。文章提示:日本最初在国际战略上采取了不刺激第三国的方针,以期将战争限定在中日两国的范围内单独解决。但是,它的实际行为同它的主观意图背道而驰,不自觉地步步推动美国和国际力量走向援华抑日。在深陷困境之后,面对欧洲局势的变化,在对"东亚新秩序"的执着情结和对包括东南亚在内的"大东亚新秩序"的期待心理的推动下,日本决策层在国际战略上与中国殊途同归,确定了"国际性解决"中日战争的方向。随之,其不仅拒绝退出中国,且进一步结盟德意,刻意通过南进收一举多得之效,从而把战争从中国扩大到东南亚和太平洋。在这一过程中,日本的文职官员在很多场合冲到了军人的前面,反映出日本决策背后的深刻背景。The aim of this article is to investigate the crucial role of Japan's international strategy in linking the war in China with the Pacific War.The analytic focus includes five aspects of this international strategy:the guiding principles for resolving the China Problem;policies towards other nations;attitudes toward the Nine-Power Treaty and the existing international order;evaluations of the international situation;responses to the relationship between the 'China Problem' and the 'World Problem'.This article points out that in its international strategy,Japan first adopted a principle of not provoking other nations,in hopes of containing the war between the two countries China and Japan,and resolving the conflict on its own.However,Japan's actual behavior was the complete opposite of this subjective intent.Quite unawares,Japan step by step drove American and international power toward the decision to aid China and contain Japan.Deep in crisis,faced with a changing situation in Europe,driven by a stubborn attachment to the 'New East Asian Order' and hoping for a 'New Greater East Asian Order' that included Southeast Asia,Japan's decision makers came to the same conclusion as China on international strategy:they settled on an 'International Solution' to the war between China and Japan.Thereafter,Japan not only refused to pull out from China,but went on to ally itself with Germany and Italy.Hoping to kill two birds with one stone,Japan intentionally launched a strike to the south,thereby expanding the war from China to Southeast Asia and the Pacific.Throughout this process,Japan's civil officials frequently took the lead ahead of the military.This reflects the depth of support for this policy in Japan.

关 键 词：日本 外交 国际战略 中日战争 太平洋战争 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学] K153[历史地理—中国史]