电离辐射对操作工淋巴细胞微核率和染色体畸变影响的研究  

Study on Ionizing Radiation to the Workers′ Lymphocyte Micronucleus Rate and Chromosome Aberrations.

作　　者：李建华[1] 王林超[1] 何伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]济南钢铁集团总公司医院,山东济南250101

出　　处：《中国辐射卫生》2007年第4期395-397,共3页Chinese Journal of Radiological Health

摘　　要：目的研究电离辐射对操作工淋巴细胞遗传物质的影响,探索减少电离辐射职业危害的措施。方法选取某钢铁企业从事射线装置操作的342名工人为暴露组,做外周血淋巴细胞微核率、染色体畸变率检查,选取本企业食堂280名厨师作对照组比较;对接触射线的工人做岗位年受照剂量测定,结合工龄、岗位等进行统计分析。结果暴露组,微核率阳性(>4‰)者4人,阳性检出率12.87%;染色体畸变率阳性者12人,阳性率3.51%。对照组:微核率阳性人数3人,阳性检出率1.07%;畸变率阳性人数2人,阳性检出率0.72%。两组阳性率指标比较差异均有显著性。监测暴露组人均年受照剂量为6.73mSv/a,微核细胞阳性检出率、染色体畸变阳性率均与人均年受照剂量有正的直线相关关系,且阳性率随着工龄增加而升高,核子秤、料位计、医用X射线机岗位的阳性率较高。结论在钢铁企业,工人长期接触电离辐射,易造成外周血淋巴细胞微核率和染色体畸变率明显升高。企业应对重点岗位的射线装置加强卫生防护,以减少电离辐射的职业危害。Objective To study lymphocyte genetic material of an iron and steel enterprise workers＇ exposed to the ionizing radiation , find out measures to protect their health and reduce ionizing radiation occupation harm. Mcthodss 342 workers were choseh as the exposed group who worked in an iron and steel enterprise in the beam installment operation, to examine their circumference blood lymphocyte micronucleus rate and the chromosome aberrations, simultaneously select 280 chefs as the control group, The irradiation dosage was determined and statistical analysis was carried out wich the consideration of their length of work and differences in work post. Results Exposed group： the micronucleus rate masculine gender （MNR）, 4 people, the masculine gender pick out rate is 12. 87%. The chromosome aberration factor masculine gender （CAF）, 12 people, the masculine rate is 3.51%. Control group： MNR 3 people, the asculine gender pick out rate is 1.07% ; CAF 2 people, masculine gender rate is 0.72%. Comparing the two groups ,every item has the significant difference. Workers in is the exposed group workers have the average exposure dose of 6.73mSv/a, MNR,CAF are illuminated to the dosage have a positive line correlation. They become increased as the job lenght prolongs, The nucleon name, the material caculation and the medical X - radial are responsible for the highest ratio. Condusion In iron and steel enterprises, long - time ionizing radiation can cause the workers＇ circumference blood lymphocyte micronucleus rate and the chromosome aberrations obvious to rise. The beam protection measures strengthened so as to reduce the harms to workers.

关 键 词：钢铁企业 电离辐射 染色体畸变 微核率 

分 类 号：R818[医药卫生—放射医学]