长期施肥对土壤中氯氰菊酯降解转化的影响  

Effects of long-term fertilization on the transformation of cypermethrin in soils

作　　者：谢文军[1] 周健民[1] 王火焰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2007年第11期234-238,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划973项目(2002CB410810);加拿大钾磷研究所(PPI/PPIC)资助项目

摘　　要：采用长期不同施肥处理土壤:有机肥(OM)、无机肥(NPK、PK、NK)和不施肥(CK)研究施肥对氯氰菊酯降解的影响,通过测定土壤中氯氰菊酯残留量及降解产物3-苯氧基苯甲酸生成量来确定其降解速度。结果表明:不同施肥处理对氯氰菊酯在土壤中降解有显著影响,其中在PK、CK土壤中降解较快,半衰期分别为9.6 d和10.7 d,在NK土壤中降解最慢,半衰期为15.1 d,长期施用有机肥(OM)较无机肥(NPK)降解呈增加趋势,但未达显著水平,半衰期分别为10.8 d和11.8 d。相关分析表明土壤中速效氮含量与氯氰菊酯半衰期呈显著负相关,长期偏施氮肥可提高土壤中速效氮的含量,进而能显著降低氯氰菊酯在土壤中降解速度。氯氰菊酯在OM、NPK土壤中降解较慢的原因可能是土壤高有机质含量增加了对农药的吸附,进而抑制了其降解。A long-term field experiment was conducted to study the influence of fertilization on cypermethrin persistence. Five fertilization treatments were arranged ; organic manure （OM）, NPK fertilizer, PK fertilizer, NK fertilizer and no fertilizer（CK）. Transformation rates were determined by cypermethrin residues and its metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid formation in soils. Results show that cypermethrin transformation varies significantly in soils with different fertilization treatments. Pesticide dissipates fast in PK and CK treatments and the lowest in NK treatment. The DT50 values （disappearance time of 50% of the initial concentration） are 9.6 days, 10. 7 days and 15.1 days respectively. Transformation rate is higher in OM treatment than that in NPK treatment, but can not reach the significant level. The DT50 value is 10. 8 days in OM treatment and 11.8 days in NPK treatment. Soil available nitrogen content is significantly positively correlated with DT50 （p 〈 0.05）. Long-term unbalance fertilization with nitrogen can increase soil available nitrogen content, which in turn inhibited the dissipation of cypermethrin. Reduced transformation in OM and NPK treatments may be attributed to the high organic matter content, which can increase the adsorption of cypermethrin in soils.

关 键 词：氯氰菊酯 施肥 降解转化 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]