肠道微生态平衡、免疫功能及对临床结局的影响  

Gut Microecology Balance,Immune Function,and Their Impacts on Clinical Outcomes

作　　者：毛一雷[1] 杜顺达[1] 蒋朱明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院外科,北京100730

出　　处：《中国临床营养杂志》2007年第6期375-379,共5页Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition

摘　　要：健康个体肠道中拥有数量极大的菌群,肠道菌群的平衡对机体起到良好的保护作用。机体免疫系统可识别病原体和非病原体所表达的独特分子结构。抗原提呈细胞,如树突样细胞能将细菌和其他抗原提呈至肠黏膜进行取样,激活原始T细胞并诱导其分化,产生一系列细胞因子,刺激IgA分泌,进而决定免疫反应的程度及耐受性。不良饮食习惯、肠外营养、抗生素等的使用,能破坏肠道菌群平衡,诱发肠黏膜损伤,可能与一些自身免疫性疾病,如炎性肠病的发病有关,益生菌或合生素通常可成功预防或显著减轻此类疾病的活动性。在围手术期给予重大手术患者益生菌和纤维素能有效降低术后并发症的发生率。未来提高生态学治疗效果的努力将会集中在寻找和尝试新的纤维素和益生菌以及新的给药方法,并会更加强调联合应用多株益生菌(4～5株),进一步尝试在各种疾病尤其是外科围手术期患者中的应用。Many bacterial flora exist in human intestinal tract. Maintaining the balance of gut micro-environment is important for the health of the body. Human immune system can identify the specific molecular structure of pathogens and non-pathogens. Antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells present bacteria and other antigens to the gut mucosa, and thus activate the primitive T cells, produce a series of cytokines, and promote the secretion of IgA. Poor dietary habits, parenteral nutrition, and administration of antibiotics may impair enteral flora and gut mucosa, which may be associated with the development of some autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. Probiotics or synbiotics may help prevent these diseases or minimize their activities. It has been proven that perioperative use of probiotics and fibrin may prevent postoperative infectious complications in some major surgeries. In future, more research will focus on discovery of new fibrins and probiotics, use of novel treatment approaches, and further application of combined probiotics strains （4-5 strains）. More clinical trials of using probiotics will be conducted in different diseases, particularly in peri-operative settings.

关 键 词：益生菌 合生素 免疫系统 微生态制剂 

分 类 号：R574[医药卫生—消化系统]