重金属与植物N素营养之间的交互作用及其生态学效应  

Interactions Between Heavy Metals and Nitrogen and Their Ecological Effects

作　　者：祖艳群[1] 李元[1] L.BOCK C.SCHVARTZ G.COLINET 胡文友[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [2]Laboratoire de Geopedologie,Gembloux Agricultural University,Gembloux,Belgique [3]Laboratoire sols et Environnement,Institut Superieur d'Agriculture,Catholic University,Lille,France

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2008年第1期7-14,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30560034);云南省教育厅基金(5Y0178B);云南省科技厅攻关项目(2006NG17)

摘　　要：根据相关文献资料,论述了重金属与植物N素营养在土壤-植物系统间的交互作用及其广泛效应。一方面,重金属元素对植物N素营养的吸收、运输和代谢等产生一系列复杂的反应;另一方面,植物通过N代谢的调节而对重金属的吸收、运输和毒性产生适应和抗性。重金属与N素之间的交互作用对植物的生理代谢和遗传特征产生影响。合理利用二者之间的交互作用,将有助于通过N素调控防治或减轻重金属污染危害,为治理和修复重金属污染土壤提供理论基础。The supply of one nutrient affects the absorption, distribution or function of another nutrient. Interactions between nutrients can either induce deficiencies or toxicities and can modify growth response. Interactions can occur between essential nutrients and heavy metals. Among nutrient elements, nitrogen is consumed in the most important for plant growth and productivity. On the one hand, heavy metals can affect nitrogen absorption, assimilation, transfer and metabolism. Absorption of ammonium and nitrate by most crop plants depends upon their concentration in the soil solution, which is determined mainly by the activity of ammonification and nitrification process. Heavy metals changed bacteria activity, resulting in the change of nitrate and ammonium concentration in the soil. The nitrogen uptake has been affected by heavy metals in the soil. Plasma membrane is the first place of metal action. The altered plasmalemma H^＊-ATPase function would also explain the metal-induced perturbation of the uptake of nitrogen. The heavy metal inhibition of particular enzymes of the nitrogen assimilatory pathway can alter the nitrogen uptake. A possible explanation could be a interaction between heavy metals and SH groups of the ammonium and nitrate transport proteins and the diminishing expression of the NRT and AMT1 genes. Heavy metals also affect allocation of nitrogen in plants. The nitrogen long distance transport via the xylem is mainly controlled by transpiration intensity. Diminishing of the transpiration ef- fectiveness might explain the perturbations in nitrogen long distance transport. The influence of metals on nitrogen incorporation into amino acids may be due to the effect of the activity of many enzymes by heavy metals. Heavy metals generate the toxic oxygen species, which can cause the breakdown of enzyme proteins by oxidative reaction or by increasing the proteolytic activity. On the other hand, nitrogen may strongly influence the heavy metals absorption in plants by changing the rhizosphere pH. It has been

关 键 词：重金属 N素营养 交互作用 生态学效应 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]