多足动物亚门主要类群的谱系发生与谱系年代分析——基于形态、化石和分子的综合数据  

PHYLOGENETICS AND PHYLOCHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MYRIAPOD MAJOR GROUPS BASED ON COMBINED EVIDENCE OF MORPHOLOGY,FOSSIL AND MOLECULES

作　　者：丛培允[1] 盖永华[1] 杨群[1] 

机构地区：[1]现代古生物学与地层学国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所),南京210008

出　　处：《微体古生物学报》2007年第4期407-421,共15页Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委课题(批准号40572070)资助

摘　　要：多足动物可能是最早入侵陆地环境的无脊椎动物之一。随着泛甲壳动物大类的确立,多足动物亚门的谱系发生问题已成为节肢动物研究中的焦点。基于表型性状的系统学研究中,多足动物亚门在节肢动物门中的系统分类和单系性等问题一直存在争议;化石记录的稀少又使多足动物的起源及演化历史变得迷雾重重。近年来分子系统学的进展为深入探讨多足动物谱系发生问题开辟了新的途径;分子定年的应用为探讨多足动物起源、登陆等早期演化问题提供了新的手段。谱系年代学综合了化石记录和分子定年两方面的优势,为更加精确地讨论多足动物起源、内部类群分歧时间及其地质背景奠定了基础。谱系年代分析显示,多足动物类起源于寒武纪晚期或更早;多足动物内部类群的分歧不晚于奥陶纪;而化石证据显示,多足动物的登陆事件也可能发生在这一时期,多足动物内部类群的分歧事件(及食性分化)可能与登陆过程有关。精确的多足动物亚门谱系发生关系以及谱系年代学细节还有待于进一步综合系统学、多基因和多重化石参照点的合理分析加以深入和完善,进而为早期陆地复杂生态系统的建立提供新的证据。Myriapod animals were probably one of the invertebrate animal groups that first colonized the terrestrial ecosystem during Early Paleozoic. The phylogenetics and evolutionary history of Myriapoda are now central to arthropod systematic research, as the Pancrustacea is commonly accepted as a natural group. Traditional morphological studies have resulted in few solid conclusions regarding the monophyly and systematic position of Myriapoda within Arthropoda; the origin and evolutionary history of Myriapoda are also veiled by the sparsity of the group’s fossil record. Recent advances in molecular phylogeny have helped resolve some of the systematic controversies of Myriapoda such as its monophyly, although controversial issues still exist. The new approach of phylochronology, combining molecular dating techniques and the fossil appearance data, makes it possible to explore the origin and early divergence times of myriapods as well as the event of animal landing. Correct timing of animals’ early evolutionary divergences helps comprehend the geological background for early animal evolutionary events. This paper reviews recent advances in myriapod phylogenetics and presents a preliminary phylochronologic scheme of the evolutionary events in early my-riapods with the following observations： 1） Myriapoda might have diverged from its sister group during late Cambrian or earlier. 2） There probably occurred two phylogenetic radiation events during the myriapod early evolution： One occurred in Ordovician when the major class-level taxa diverged and the second event occurred during late Silurian to early Devonian when most of the order-level taxa originated; these phylogenetic events are probably related with the terrestrializatin of the plants and animals during early Palaeozoic, also related with the diversification of the myriapod feeding habit （detritus-feeding and predation）.

关 键 词：多足动物 节肢动物 分子系统学 分子古生物学 谱系年代学 动物登陆 

分 类 号：Q915[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]