句末“也”体貌用法的演变  

Development of the aspectual sentence-final ye(也)

作　　者：陈前瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,100871

出　　处：《中国语文》2008年第1期28-39,共12页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金;北京语言大学科研项目(编号:06BY01)的资助

摘　　要：陈述句句末"也"有静态和动态两种用法,对这两种用法的关系有两种说法:一是"记音说",认为后者是"矣"或其他语气词的记音;一是"扩展说",认为后者是前者的功能扩展。本文依据体貌类型学关于体貌标记语法化路径的研究,认为静态"也"表示状态,属于广义的结果体;动态"也"大部分用法属于完成体,是静态"也"进一步语法化的结果,动态"也"在与情状类型的适用关系、现时相关性的发展、时间指称、情态意义的发展等多个方面都跟类型学中完成体语法化的规律是一致的,从而从历时、类型和功能的角度支持和发展了"扩展说"。The sentence-final ye in declarative sentences has two aspectual usages in the history of Chinese:static and dynamic.There exist two different opinions about whether the latter developed from the former.This paper investigates the usage of ye in Chinese history and argues that:(1) the static ye in non-judgment sentences also can be viewed as a resultative marker in a broad sense according to Nedjalkov(1988);(2) the development of the dynamic ye from the static ye is consistent with the grammaticalizational pathways of perfect markers in Chinese and other languages as proposed in Bybee et al.(1994).From diachronic,typological and functional perspectives this paper supports the argument that the dynamic ye developed from the static ye.

关 键 词：句末“也” 结果体 完成体 语法化 类型学 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]