汉语描写借词的地理变异——以“水泥、肥皂、西红柿、马铃薯”等为例  

The geographical variants of descriptive loans in Chinese

作　　者：高晓虹[1] 刘晓海[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学语言研究所

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2008年第1期68-76,共9页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：教育部“十五”规划科研项目“汉语方言地图集”资助

摘　　要：描写借词指汉语中以“洋、番、胡”等修饰性成分加上本地原有词语构成的、用来给外来事物命名的一类词语。本文以“水泥、肥皂、西红柿、马铃薯”等外来事物为例，考察汉语描写借词的地理分布情况。其中，“洋-”“番-”使用最多，“洋-”类分布偏北，“番-”类偏南。此外，还有“鬼子-”“红毛-”“荷兰-”等，主要分布在广东、福建一带。本文可以为对外汉语词汇及文化教学提供生动的例证。The descriptive loan words in Chinese are used to designate foreign things, by combining a qualifying morpheme, such as yáng(洋), fān(番), hú(胡) with a original Chinese term. This paper takes the words cement, soap, tomato, potato in Chinese as examples to investigate the geographical variants of the descriptive loan words in Chinese. And it finds out that yáng and fān are used most frequently, with yáng mainly distribute in the north, while fān in the south. In addition, guǐzi(鬼子), hóngmáo(红毛), hélán(荷兰), are mainly distributed in Guangdong and Fujian. This paper gives some vivid examples for the sake of teaching Chinese as a second language.

关 键 词：描写借词 汉语方言 “洋” “番” 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]