玉米株型和幅宽对套作大豆初花期形态建成及产量的影响  

Effects of maize plant type and planting width on the early morphological characters and yield of relayplanted soybean

作　　者：王竹[1] 杨文钰[2] 伍晓燕[2] 吴其林[2] 

机构地区：[1]成都农业科技职业学院,成都611130 [2]四川农业大学农学院,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2008年第2期323-329,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(nyhyzx07-004-10);四川省重大科技攻关资助项目(01NG016-01)

摘　　要：在"麦/玉/豆"套作模式下研究了不同幅宽和玉米株型对大豆生长前期形态建成和产量的影响.结果表明:不同株型玉米下大豆生长带的温度、湿度和透光率是导致大豆茎叶形态和组织解剖结构出现差异的直接原因.较大幅宽和紧凑型玉米下大豆的植株较矮,主茎较粗、干物质积累量较大,叶面积指数和比叶质量较高,产量较高;而较小幅宽和松散型玉米下大豆的茎叶生长不良,株高增长过快,主茎柔弱,容易倒伏,产量较低.在1.17m/0.83m(大豆/玉米)幅宽下对不同株型玉米影响下的大豆初花期茎、叶组织切片观察发现,随着荫蔽程度的加重,大豆的叶片变薄,表皮细胞体积变大,角质层变薄,栅栏组织和海绵组织分化不明显,细胞间隙增大;茎的表皮和次生木质部也变薄,薄壁细胞排列疏松,导管分化较迟,韧皮纤维不发达.套作模式下保证全年高产、高效的田间最优配置为:与紧凑型玉米套作,大豆幅宽1.17m,玉米幅宽0.83m.This paper studied the effects of different maize plant type and planting width on the early morphological characters and yield of relayplanted soybean under wheat/maize/soybean relayplanting. The results showed that different maize plant type led to different micro-climate in soybean planting strip, which was a direct factor affecting the changes in morphological characters and tissue structure of soybean. Large planting width and relay cropping with erect maize resulted in the short plant, thick main stem, large accumulation of dry matter, higher LAI and SLM, and high yield of soybean, while small planting width and relay cropping with flat maize led to the undergrowth of leaf and stem, overgrowth of plant, thin and lodging-susceptible stem, and low yield of soybean. From the tissue sections of soybean leaf and stem at early blossoming stage under conditions of planted with different maize plant type and 1.17 m/0. 83 m （soybean/maize） of planting width, it was found that under more shading, the leaf thickness decreased, epidermis cells became larger, cuticle became thinner, differentiation of palisade tissue and spongy tissue was inconspicuous, space between cells was large, epidermis and secondary xylem of stem all became thinner, parenchyma cells were loose, formulation of vessel delayed, and phloem fibers were less developed. It was concluded that relayplanting soybean with erect maize in a could be the best field combination in ensuring planting width of 1.17 m/0. 83 m （soybean/maize） high yield and high efficiency all the year round.

关 键 词：套作大豆 幅宽 玉米株型 形态 解剖结构 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S565.1