水电开发对河流生态系统服务功能的影响——以澜沧江漫湾水电工程为例  

Impact of hydropower development on river ecosystem service:a case study from the Manwan Hydropower Project

作　　者：魏国良[1] 崔保山[1] 董世魁[1] 杨志峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2008年第2期235-242,共8页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)资助项目(No2003CB415104)~~

摘　　要：人类的经济活动对河流生态系统施加的干扰越来越多,其中既有正面影响,也有负面影响.在剖析河流生态系统服务功能内涵特征的基础上,探讨了水电开发对河流生态系统服务功能影响的机理及途径,建立了评价指标体系和评估方法,并以澜沧江漫湾水电站为对象进行了案例研究.结果表明,漫湾水电工程建设对河流生态系统服务功能正面影响的价值增量为11.30×108元.a-1,负面影响的价值损失为3.27×108元.a-1.正面影响以水力发电产生的经济效益为主,负面影响以河流输沙和维持生物多样性服务功能减弱的价值损失为主.漫湾水电开发生态环境效益与生态环境成本的比值为1∶5.56,生态环境影响的净现值为-26853.50×104元.a-1.鉴于水电开发经济效益获取所付出的巨大环境代价,提出了水电开发与河流生态系统服务功能可持续调控模型,以期为实现绿色水电开发提供参考.Human activities associated with economic development increasingly cause disturbances to river ecosystems, resulting in either positive or negative impacts. Based on integrated analysis of river ecosystem services, the impact mechanism and process of hydropower development on river ecosystem services were studied. The assessment index and methods were developed and verified on the basis of a case study from the Manwan Hydropower Project on the Lancang River. The results indicate that the Manwan Hydropower Project had a positive impact on the river ecosystem service value, showing an increment of 11.30×10^8 Yuan RMB per year due to electricity generation, while it also had a negative impact on the river ecosystem service value, showing a decline of 3.27×10^8 Yuan RMB per year owing to reduced sediment runoff and loss of biodiversity. The ratio of eco-environmental cost to benefit of Manwan Hydropower Project was 1：5.56 and the net benefit value was -26853.50×10^4 Yuan RMB per year. As there were high environmental costs which diminish the economic benefit in hydropower development, a regulation model for sustaining hydropower development and improving river ecosystem services is proposed to facilitate green hydropower development.

关 键 词：水电开发 影响 河流生态系统服务功能 漫湾水电工程 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]