文明焦虑、荒原情结与杰克·伦敦的早期小说  

Civilization Anxiety,Wilderness Complex and Jack London's Early Fiction

作　　者：虞建华[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学语言文学研究所,上海200083

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2008年第1期127-132,共6页Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划项目(部分)(编号2006BWY010)

摘　　要：当杰克·伦敦开始写作时,美国的边疆被最后圈定。一种文明焦虑——城市化带来的空间焦虑、工业化带来的精神焦虑和女性化带来的文化焦虑——开始困扰美国人的心理,引向一种荒原情结。杰克·伦敦以克朗代克为背景的一系列早期"北疆小说"创造了文学中的"新边疆",使小说成为表达文明焦虑的象征话语。作家对北疆英雄所代表的品质加以浪漫化,弘扬正在被城市生活消磨的形成于拓荒时期的民族精神。置入历史和文化的语境后,我们发现伦敦的"北疆小说"具有巨大的可阐释性,反映了当时美利坚民族深藏于心的文明焦虑和民族身份危机意识,也反映了美国人对已不复存在的昔日自然纯朴生活的渴望。When Jack London began his writing career, the American frontier was officially closed. Anxieties over civilization, especially urbanization, industrialization and feminization, nurtured a wilderness complex, which found its loud expression in London＇s early fiction. London recreated in Klondike, an inevitable setting for his Northland tales, a fictionalized ＂new frontier＂ and romanticized qualities represented by his Northland heroes. Placed in a historical and cultural framework, his early fiction expressed both the worries over the weakening of the newly-found American national character that the frontier had tempered, and the psychological yearnings for the freedom that the city life failed to supply. London＇s early fiction allows huge room for reinterpretation in this light.

关 键 词：杰克·伦敦 文明焦虑 荒原情结 北疆小说 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]