早期儒家与“民之父母”  

The Earlier Confucian Theory of Parents of the People

作　　者：张丰乾[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学哲学系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《现代哲学》2008年第1期109-116,共8页Modern Philosophy

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"<诗经>与先秦哲学"(编号05CZX009)的研究成果之一

摘　　要：历代儒者引经据典,从"民之父母"的角度出发,对统治者提出了亲民、爱民、保民、富民等要求。但是,近现代以来的思想史研究者,对于古代社会君民关系的这一基本理论似乎未着笔墨。本文集中讨论了孔子、曾子、子思、孟子、荀子等早期儒家学派关于"民之父母"的思想,归纳出其中至少包含了"民之父母"需要符合"必达于礼乐之原"、"使民富且寿"、"同于民之好恶"、"顺而教之"、"有父之尊,有母之亲"等原则。孟子则借用"民之父母"的理论痛斥当政者"以政杀人"、"率兽食人"、"使老稚转乎沟壑"。荀子指出当天下的最高统治者堕落为"民之怨贼"的地步,统治阶级内部其他符合"民之父母"标准的领袖可以以"革命"方式取而代之。在今人看来是"乌托邦"的这种构想,在儒家看来是应该而且能够实现的蓝图。儒家之外,《管子》提出,"法"才是"民之父母",在"法"的层面,即使是有所过错,也可以有办法弥补,不至于酿成大患,可以看成是儒家思想的重要补充。By citing the ancient classics, such as the Book of Odes, the Book of History, the earlier Confucian asked the rulers to be parents of the people in order to be close to people, love people, make people rich and protect people. However, there is seldom professional paper focuses on this very important issue. According to this paper, minimally, the theory on ＂parents of the people＂ was and will, people, would enjoy lots of pleasure from their political events. This kind of theory also plays a very important critical role in the Chinese traditional political field. To ancient Confucian, it＇s a practical idea instead of Utopia.

关 键 词：民之父母 早期儒家 君民关系 劝勉 批判 革命 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]