25例婴儿脑外积水的临床表现及诊治体会  

Clinical manifestations and diagnosis and treatment for 25 cases of external hydrocephalus in infants

作　　者：李扬 何强华 朱红胜 谢星 王松青 

机构地区：[1]解放军第四二二医院神经外科,湛江524005

出　　处：《中华神经医学杂志》2008年第2期187-188,191,共3页Chinese Journal of Neuromedicine

摘　　要：目的探讨婴儿脑外积水的临床表现及诊治方法。方法对25例平均年龄8个月的脑外积水患儿的临床症状、影像学表现及治疗方法进行回顾性分析。结果25例患儿行头颅MRI检查后确诊。婴幼儿脑外积水通常临床症状不明显，可表现为抽搐和头围增大等症状。9例轻症患儿行内科保守治疗后脑外积水明显吸收，另16例患儿中12例行穿刺外引流术后积水消失．4例重症患儿再行蛛网膜下腔-心房分流术后恢复正常。结论临床以MRI或CT为诊断的主要工具。该病多数依靠内科药物并配合高压氧治疗可治愈，部分顽固性患者可行蛛网膜下腔-心房分流术，其疗效可靠。Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment methods of external hydrocephalus in infants. Methods Retrospective analyses of the clinical manifestations, imaging findings and treatment strategies were conducted among 25 cases of external hydrocephalus in infants aged averagely 8 months. Results The 25 cases were all finally diagnosed with MRI scanning. Their clinical symptoms were uuremarkable or asymptomatic, presenting mainly hyperspasmia and enlarged head circumference. Among them, 9 cases of mild external hydrocephalus were treated with conventional medication, and in the other 16 cases with severe hydrops, 12 were ameliorated through puncture and drainage and 4 got recovered via subarachnoid-ventricle shunt. Conclusion Most infants with external hydrocephalus are asymptomatic, so MRI or CT is a most important diagnostic tool. Infants with external hydrocephalus can be cured by medical treatment combined with high-pressure oxygen. Subarachnoid-ventricle shunt shows reliable and satisfied effect for some cases of refractory external hydrocephalus.

关 键 词：脑外积水 婴幼儿 蛛网膜下腔-心房分流术 

分 类 号：R748[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]