中国的教育差距与收入差距——基于深圳市住户调查的分析  

Educational Disparity and Income Inequality in China:A Case Study of Shenzhen

作　　者：薛进军[1] 园田正[1] 荒山裕行[1] 

机构地区：[1]日本名古屋大学经济学院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2008年第1期19-29,共11页Chinese Journal of Population Science

摘　　要：文章以中国改革开放最早、也是中国最富裕的城市深圳为例,研究中国的收入差距问题。研究发现:(1)利用2006年深圳市住户调查数据测算出深圳市的基尼系数为0.56,达到中国城市最高水平。(2)泰尔指数的分解表明,户口制度和地区发展优惠政策是产生收入差距的制度性原因。(3)用Oaxaca-Blinder法进行的分解分析表明,平均受教育年限的差距(即教育差距)可以解释城乡收入差距的将近40%。文章的结论是,中国的收入分配差距主要是由政府的差别性政策等制度性原因和教育差距等市场因素造成的。This paper studies the issue of income inequality in China with a case of Shenzhen,the most successful and developed city in China.It estimates income gap using a new data set of household survey conducted in Shenzhen in 2006.The major findings are,(1) the Gini coefficient in Shenzhen reached 0.56 and is hence the highest among Chinese cities,(2) the Theil index shows that urban registration statue (hukou) and regional preferential policy (here it refers to policies for special economic zone) are the largest policy factors enlarging income disparity between urban households and migrant households,Shenzhen households and non-Shenzhen households,(3) regression analysis and decomposition of the inequality index with the Oazaca-Blinder method shows that educational differences of working age adults can explain 40% of total urban-rural gap.To solve the problem,the paper suggests abolishing the discriminating policies and provide equal education to the people,especially the poor people.

关 键 词：收入差距 教育差距 住户调查 深圳市 

分 类 号：C915[经济管理]