开江县306例流行性乙型脑炎流行病学调查分析  

Epidemiological Investigation on 306 Cases with Japanese Encephalitis in Kaijiang County

作　　者：刘自远[1] 刘成福[1] 崔莲莹[1] 刘登权[1] 吴文波[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省开江县疾病预防控制中心,四川开江636250

出　　处：《地方病通报》2008年第1期23-26,共4页Endemic Diseases Bulletin

摘　　要：目的探讨乙型脑炎发病规律和临床特征,为乙脑防制提供科学依据。方法对开江县1985～2005年临床诊治的乙脑患者306例进行流行病学个案调查及分析,取2002～2005年乙脑病人血清,采用反向被动血凝抑制试验(RPHI)进行乙脑IgM抗体检测。结果306例乙脑患者,分布于开江县20个乡镇168个村和居委会,农村发病是城镇的37.25倍,病死率为3.27%(10/306),发病高峰集中在8月,占63.73%(195/306),2～6岁儿童病例占78.43%(240/306),男女发病之比为1.41:1,以散居儿童发病最多,占57.19%(175/306)。临床上体温≥39℃占88.56%(271/306),患者以中、重型为多,占71.90%(220/306),随着年龄增大重型和极重型有增多的趋势。接种过乙脑疫苗占10.46%(32/306),家庭中有防蚊措施的占52.81%(47/89)。临床病例血清学确诊率为63.33%(19/30)。结论乙脑的防制策略,以农村2～6岁散居儿童为重点,采取防蚊灭蚊及全程足量接种乙脑疫苗,是控制乙脑发生和流行的有效措施。Objective To study epidemic and clinical features of Japanese encephalitis （JE） and to provide scientific basis for JE prevention and control. Methods The data of 306 cases with JE from 1985 to 2005 were carried out epidemiological case investigation and analysis. Blood of JE cases from 2002 to 2005 was taken to detect the IgM antibody by the reverse passive hemagglutination inbibition （RPHI）. Results Three hundred and six cases with JE were distributed in 168 villages and residents＇committees of 20 towns in Kaijiang County. The incidence in rural area was 37.25 times of that in cities and towns with the fatality rate of 3.27% （ 10/306）. The onset peak concentrated on August, accounting for 63.73% （ 195/306）. Childen of 2 to 6 years old occupied 78.43% （240/306）. The ratio between male and female was 1.41： 1. The cases appeared mostly in children living scattered, accounted for 57.19% （ 175/306）. The body temperature ≥ 39℃ occupied 88.56% （271/306）. The patients were most of medium and severe types, accuounting for 71.90% （220/306）. There was an increase tendency of severe and critically severe along with the age growth. There were 10.46% （32/306） with inoculation of vaccinum encephalitidis epidemicae, and 52.81% （47/89 ） with mosquito contolling measures in family. The clinical serodiagnosed rate of JE cases was 63.33% （19/30）. Conclusions The prevention tactics of JE epidemic should be focused on children of 2 to 6 years old living scattered. And mosquito controlling and killing are the keys to controlling prevalence of JE.

关 键 词：乙型脑炎 流行病学 个案调查 

分 类 号：R512.32[医药卫生—内科学] R181.81[医药卫生—临床医学]