杂交粳稻产量及其构成因素的杂种优势与衰退初步研究  

The Heterosis and Its Decline of Japonica Hybrid Rice in Yield and Yield Components

作　　者：郭玉华[1] 赵鑫闻[1] 兰彩霞[1] 华泽田[2] 赵冬霞[1] 张立爽[1] 林团荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]北方杂交粳稻工程技术中心,辽宁沈阳110101

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2008年第1期68-70,90,共4页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：农业部948项目全球水稻分子育种计划(30040025);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD01A01-7)

摘　　要：以辽宁省当前主推杂交粳稻组合辽优5215的F1代、F2代及其亲本和常规对照品种辽粳294为试验材料,对杂交粳稻产量及其构成因素的杂种优势与衰退进行了初步研究。结果表明,杂交粳稻辽优5215F1代产量的超亲优势为18.5%,竞争优势为7.8%;株高、每穗实粒数的杂种优势明显,每穴穗数、结实率、千粒重的杂种优势为负值。F2代产量、整齐度均较F1代有所下降,产量下降4.96%,但未达显著水平;F2代产量竞争优势为2.43%,说明杂交粳稻F2代在生产上仍具有一定利用价值。The heterosis and its decline of japonica hybrid rice were studied on yield and yield components with the parental lines, F1 and F2 of Liaoyou 5215, which is a widely grown japonica hybrid rice combination in Liaoning Province, and the control inbred variety Liaojing 294 as the materials. The results showed that the yield of F1 of the japonica hybrid rice Liaoyou 5215 was higher than that of its parents with its heterobehhosis （HHp） at 18.50% , and it was also higher than that of the japonica inbred variety Liaojing 294 with its standard heterosis （HcK） at 7.80%. The heterosis in plant height and grains per panicle was positive and remarkable, but it was negative in 1 000-grain weight, panicles per plant and seed setting rate. Compared with the F1 generation of Liaoyou 5215, its F2 generation declined but was not significantly different in yield （4.96% lower） and its uniformity. Furthermore the F2 generation had a yield advantage of 2.43 % over the control inbred variety, indicating that the F2 generation of japonica hybrid rice could be used in production to some extent.

关 键 词：杂交粳稻 产量性状 杂种优势 衰退 

分 类 号：S511.048[农业科学—作物学] S318