电子废物不当处置的重金属污染及其环境风险评价Ⅰ．电子废物焚烧迹地的重金属污染  

Studies on Heavy Metal Contamination by Improper Handling of E-Waste and Its Environmental Risk Evaluation Ⅰ. Heavy Metal Contamination in E-Waste Open Burning Sites

作　　者：罗勇[1] 余晓华[1] 杨中艺[1] 袁剑刚[1] 麦碧娴[2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院 [2]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,广州510640

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2008年第1期34-41,共8页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：广东省科技攻关项目(No.2006B36701005)

摘　　要：电子废物的不当拆解、回收活动对当地及周边环境造成的严重污染已经引起了国内外的广泛关注,但相关的调查研究目前仍比较少.以长期进行电子废物回收产业活动的典型区域——广东清远龙塘镇和石角镇为研究对象,较系统地调查、分析了电子废物不当处置对区域和流域环境介质中重金属的含量、分布和迁移的影响,并对其环境风险进行了评价.此论文是该项研究的一部分,重点调查了龙塘镇电子废物焚烧迹地中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr、Ni等6种重金属的含量、分布和迁移及其对植物根、茎、叶组织中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd含量的影响.结果表明:1)焚烧迹地土壤中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr、Ni的平均含量分别为1714.5、1016.7、4850.6、10.3、63.3、100.3mg·kg-1,局部区域样点检出的Cu、Pb、Cd含量分别是对照土壤的1268、179和101倍,显示电子废物焚烧迹地已经成为一个巨大的土壤重金属库,必然长期贡献于区域乃至流域土壤和水体的重金属污染.2)电子废物焚烧活动造成的重金属污染能够随空气动力及重力沉降而形成垂直以及水平迁移,其中Pb和Cd的迁移能力远大于其它重金属.3)电子废物焚烧迹地内生长的植物也受到了重金属的污染,其中Cu、Cd的污染程度较严重;桉树对Cu、铁芒箕对Pb、类芦对Cd、Zn、Cu有相对较强的富集能力.It is worldwide concerned for the serious environmental pollution caused by the improper handling of E-wastes in their recycling process in China. However, relevant information is rather limited. In the present serial studies, a typical area which operated a long term E-waste recycling industry in Longtang Town, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China, was focused for investigating contaminations of heavy metals. In this study, concentrations, distributions and transfer of heavy metals including Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr and Ni in soils surrounding the E-waste open burning sites were surveyed, and accumulations of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in plants there were determined. Results showed that, 1） the average concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr and Ni in soils surrounding the Ewaste open burning sites were as high as 1714.5, 1016.7, 4850.6, 10.3, 63.3 and 100.3mg·kg^-1, respectively, and the highest concentrations of Pb, Cu and Cd in one of the sampling sites were 1267, 178 and 100 folds higher than those in controlled （nonpolluted） site. It is indicated that there is a tremendous source of heavy metals in the soil of E-waste open burning area, and the metals there will continuously contribute to soil and water contamination in the surrounding area or even the whole drainage area. 2） It was observed that the heavy metal contaminations could be vertically and horizontally transferred via wind power and atmospheric deposition, and the translocations of Pb and Cd were more remarkable than other metals. 3 ） Plants growing in/near the E-waste open burning sites were evidently polluted by the heavy metals, especially by Cu and Cd. Eucalyptus spp. for Cu, Dicranopteris dichotomy for Pb and Neyraudia reynaudiana for Cd, Zn and Cu were relatively well accumulative, respectively.

关 键 词：电子废物 回收处置 焚烧 重金属污染 土壤 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X171