中国西北地区801例聋哑学生临床流行病学病因分析  

Clinical Epidemiologic Study of 801 Deaf Students from the Northwestern Area of China

作　　者：刘晓雯[1] 郭玉芬[1] 关静[1] 徐百成[1] 韩明鲲[2] 赵亚丽[2] 王大勇[2] 兰兰[2] 鲍晓林[1] 王秋菊[2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学第二医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科,兰州730030 [2]解放军总医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科,解放军耳鼻咽喉科研究所

出　　处：《听力学及言语疾病杂志》2008年第2期99-102,共4页Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology

基　　金：国家863项目(2006AA02Z181);国家自然基金面上项目(30672310&30771203、30771857);高等学校全国优秀博士学位论文作者专项资金资助项目(200463);军队“十一五”杰出人才项目(06J018);北京市科技计划重大项目(D0906005040291);国家973项目(2007CB507400);北京重大专项课题项目(7070002);国家“十一五”科技支撑计划(2006BAI02B06&2007BAI18B12);甘肃省中青年基金课题(3YS061-A25-012)联合资助

摘　　要：目的在中国西北地区聋哑人群中进行耳聋的临床病因学分析,明确不同致聋因素在该地区耳聋患者中的分布特点和流行规律。方法对中国西北地区5所聋哑学校的801例聋哑学生,采用问卷式调查及电话家访的方式采集病史;由专科医生进行全身及耳部检查排除综合征型患者;由专业测听师进行听力学检测,判断听力损失程度。结果801例聋哑学生中有326例为药物性聋,占40.69%(326/801),其中氨基糖苷类抗生素(AmAn)致聋占药物性聋的86.5%(282/326);家族遗传性聋85例,占10.61%(85/801);母孕期感染、新生儿疾患及婴幼儿期疾病引起的耳聋190例,占23.72%(190/801)。结论药物性聋是导致该地区耳聋发病的主要原因,其次为家族遗传性聋;新生儿和婴幼儿疾病也是导致该地区耳聋的主要因素。Objective This paper is to present data from a clinical epidemiologic study of 801 deaf students from the northwestern area of China. Methods Medical histories for the patients were taken from parents and teachers through questionnaires and/or telephone interviews. All the patients underwent general physical and otolaryngological examinations, including pure-tone audiometry, acoustic immittance and auditory-brainstem response （ABR） tests. Results This study included 801 deaf students, and 326 （326/801,40.69%） had the previous history of prescribing drugs; 282 took amino glycosides. 85 students（10.61%）, were found to have a family history of deafness. A large number of them（23.72 %）, were considered at high risk at birth. Oonclusion The results indicate that it is important to raise the safety levels for the use of amino glycosides and antibiotics in the area. In addition, the incidence of congenital hearing loss is the highest in newborns, thus further stressing the importance of infant hearing screening.

关 键 词：临床流行病学 药物性聋 遗传性聋 

分 类 号：R764.5[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]