威廉斯综合征儿童的视觉注意功能  

Visual search attention in children with Williams syndrome

作　　者：解春红[1] 邵洁[2] 秦玉峰[2] 杨建滨[3] 王艳霞[2] 李荣[2] 赵正言[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院心内科,杭州310003 [2]浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院儿保科,杭州310003 [3]浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院遗传实验室,杭州310003

出　　处：《中华医学杂志》2008年第10期679-683,共5页National Medical Journal of China

基　　金：美国国立卫生院基金资助项目（03-ND-04）;卫生部科学研究基金资助项目（WKJ2005-2-042）

摘　　要：目的探讨威廉斯综合征（WS）儿童的视觉注意功能。方法2004年7月至2007年1月共135例儿童参加了测试。WS组22例，平均12（6～16）岁，其中男13例，女9例；唐氏综合征（DS）组25例，平均年龄12（7—16）岁，男21例，女4例；同年龄对照组45名，平均年龄12（6—16）岁，男27名，女18名；同智龄对照组43名，平均年龄4（2～8）岁，男23名，女20名。采用皮勃迪图片词汇测试（PPVT）进行智龄匹配。使用一套视觉搜索任务测试4组儿童的选择性注意、转移性注意和持续性注意功能并进行比较。结果（1）单目标搜索任务中，没有与目标相似的干扰因素存在时，WS组儿童的正确反应率比同年龄对照组儿童低（71％±25％VS87％±14％，P=0．001），平均反应时间长（5s vs 3s，P=0．000），平均反应距离长（相对单位：25VS18，P=0．000），与DS组儿童比较，WS组儿童平均反应时间较长（5s vs 3s，P=0．022），但是与同智龄对照组儿童的表现相当；错误类型分析发现仅形状错误发生率比同年龄对照组儿童高（15％ vs 0，P=0．000）。在增加与目标刺激颜色相同、形状相近的干扰刺激后，WS组儿童的表现比同年龄对照组及同智龄对照组都差，表现为正确反应率低（39％±20％ vs 77％±23％VS66％±23％，均P=0．000），平均反应时间长（13s vs 3s vs 5s，均P=0．000），搜索距离长（41VS20VS27，P=0．000、P=0．004），形状错误发生率比同年龄对照组及同智龄对照组都高（14％vs 0 vs 7％，P=0．000、P=0．017），但是与DS组儿童差异无统计学意义。（2）双目标交替搜索的转移性任务显示WS组儿童的转移性注意正确反应率较同年龄对照组低，平均反应时间长，搜索距离长（52％±28％、11s、54±27VS78％±22％、4s、31±13，均P=0．000），各指标与DS组儿童及同智龄对照组儿童差异均无统计学意义。WS组转移错误发�Objective To explore the characteristics of visual search attention in children with Williams syndrome （WS）. Methods Twenty-two children with WS, 13 male and 9 female, aged 12 （6 - 16）, 25 chronological age （CA） and mental age （MA）-matched children with Down＇s syndrome （DS）, 45 biological age-matched children, and 43 mental age-matched children, aged 4 ± 2 （ 2 - 8 ） underwent Peabody picture vocabulary test （PPVT）. Visual search attention including selective, switch, and sustained attention, was tested using a set of computerized visual search tasks via a touch-screen. In the dual target tasks, participants were required to alternate between two different targets. Sustained attention was investigated with vigilance task test. Results （ 1 ） In the single-target searching task with no target similar distracter, the accurate response rate of the WS patients was 71% ± 25%, significantly lower than that of the CA-matched children （87% ± 14%, P = 0. 001）. The searching time of the WS children was 5 s, significantly longer than that of the CA-matched children （3 s, P = 0. 000）. The distance for touch of the WS children was 25 relative units, significantly longer than that of the CA-matched children （18 relative units, P = 0. 000）. The mean reaction time of the WS children was 5 s, significantly longer than that of the children with Down＇s syndrome （3 s, P =0. 022）. The shape error rate of the WS children was 15%, significantly higher than that of the CA-matched children （0, P =0. 000）. When non-targets similar to the targets were added, the accurate response rate of the WS group was 39% ± 20%, significantly lower than those of the CA-matched and MA-matched children （77% ± 23% and 66% ± 23% respectively, both P = 0. 000） ; the mean searching time of the WS children was 13 s, significantly longer than those of the CA-matched and MA-matched children （3 s and 5 s respectively, both P = 0. 000） ; and the distance per touch of the WS children was 41 relativ

关 键 词：视觉 认知 威廉斯综合征 

分 类 号：R686[医药卫生—骨科学]