人工阶梯-深潭改善下切河流水生栖息地及生态的作用  

Effect of artificial step-pools on improving aquatic habitats and stream ecological in incised river channel

作　　者：余国安[1] 王兆印[1] 张康[1] 王费新[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水利水电工程系水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《水利学报》2008年第2期162-167,共6页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家973计划资助项目(2003CB415206);中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室高访学者研究基金(2006001)

摘　　要：本文通过野外试验研究了人工阶梯-深潭对下切河流水生栖息地及生态的作用,试验河段位于西南山区的吊嘎河上150m侵蚀下切严重的河段,布置15级人工阶梯,对水流(水深、流速、水面宽、流量)、河床底质、河床微地貌和水生底栖动物物种及数量变化进行了5个月监测。试验结果表明,人工阶梯-深潭能有效控制河床冲刷下切,维持较为稳定的河床环境,塑造多样性的水生栖息地。采用大型底栖无脊椎动物评价河流生态显示,人工阶梯-深潭布置后,随水生栖息地多样性上升,单位面积水生生物密度、物种丰度及生物群落多样性指数均呈上升趋势,河流生态得到改善。Field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of artificial step-pool system on improving aquatic habitats and stream ecology of the Diaoga River, an incised stream in Southwest China. Fifteen artificial step-pools were built on a 150m-long experimental reach, the flow conditions（water depth, flow velocity, water surface width and discharge）, substrate, stream morphologic feature and benthic invertebrates（tax richness and number density）were monitored for 5 months. Artificial step-pool system effectively controls channel incision, maintains a relatively stable stream bed, and also creates spatially diversified stream habitats. The benthic macro-invertebrates are used as indicator species to evaluate the ecology of the stream. After the establishment of artificial step-pool system, both the number density of individual benthic invertebrate and taxa richness rise with the increase of habitat diversity, and the stream ecology is improved.

关 键 词：人工阶梯-深潭 下切河流 水生栖息地 生态 作用 

分 类 号：TV83[水利工程—水利水电工程] X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]