小麦栽培管理计算机专家系统的研究与应用  

Study on Intelligent Expert System of Wheat Cultivation Management and Its Application

作　　者：赵春江[1] 诸德辉[1] 李鸿祥[1] 杨宝祝[1] 康书江[1] 郭晓维[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院作物研究所

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1997年第5期42-49,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：北京市"八五"重点科技攻关项目

摘　　要：小麦栽培管理计算机专家系统（ＥＳＷＣＭ）是利用计算机人工智能技术，把４０多年来小麦栽培科学取得的研究成果和专家的知识经验做系统集成而建立的综合性、智能化的计算机决策系统。ＥＳＷＣＭ把模型技术和专家系统技术有机结合起来，是一个基于模型的专家系统。在组织结构上，ＥＳＷＣＭ由包括气象、土壤、植保和社会经济条件累计１０００万多个数据组成的数据库系统（ＤＢＳ），５００多条知识规则组成的知识库系统（ＫＢＳ），９种类型７２个模型组成的模型库系统（ＭＢＳ）、推理机（ＩＥ）、人机界面（ＩＣＥ）及系统的维护程序等部分组成。系统设计时，引进了软件工程的概念，软件各个模块可在同一集成环境下运行，又可以单独使用。ＥＳＷＣＭ具有按产量设计程序、实现计划生产；有预见地调节、控制小麦的群体结构和理想株型，增加有效生长和有效积累；确定包括品种选择、播种、施肥、灌溉、生长调节剂的使用和病虫害防治等内容的因地制宜的优化组合、因苗管理的最佳方案，分类指导的应变决策功能。根据１９９４、１９９５两年的实际应用和示范验证结果，由ＥＳＷＣＭ控制的８０个试点地块在原有基础上产量增加１０％～１５％，成本降低５％～７％，效益增加１５％～２０％。目前，ＥＳＷＣＭ?An Expert System of Wheat Cultivation Management(ESWCM) was established by systematically integrating the results in research of wheat cultivation in the past more than 40 years and the knowledge and experiences of experts aided by computer artificial intelligence techniques. It was a comprehensive, intelligent and computerized decision making system. In its construction, the expert system technique was closely combined with that of modelling. The ESWCM composed a database system with over 10 million data on meteorology,pedology, plant protection and social economic conditions; a knowledge database system with over 500 rules on knowledges; a model database system with 72 models in 9 types; an inference engine; computer user interface and maintenance procedures. The conception of software engineering was introduced to its design. Its software modules can be operated both in batch and separately. The ESWCM has the following functions of designing procedures based on preset yield, regulating and controlling wheat population structure and desirable plant type, enhancing effective growth and accumulation, optimizing combinations of various factors in accordance with local conditions including choice of varieties, sowing, fertilizer application,irrigation, application of growth regulators and control of diseases and insect pests, optimizing field management and decision making in response to various kinds of emergent conditions. Field demonstration and application of the ESWCM in 1994 ～ 1995 in plots of 80 locations showed that the ESWCM controlled plots had a yield 10%～15% and benefit 15%～20% higher, and cost 5%～7% lower, compared with those in controls. Now the ESWCM is extensively used in more than 200 thousand hm 2 by the 3 level(city, county and township) computer network covering 8 major counties and 4 state farms producing wheat in Beijing.

关 键 词：小麦 栽培 管理 专家系统 模型 

分 类 号：S512.104[农业科学—作物学] S126