太湖水质评价中底栖动物综合生物指数的筛选及生物基准的确立  

The selection of benthic macroinvertebrate-based multimetrics and preliminary establishment of biocriteria for the bioassessment of the water quality of Taihu Lake

作　　者：马陶武[1,2] 黄清辉[3] 王海[2] 王子健[2] 王春霞[2] 黄圣彪[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院,湖南吉首416000 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境水质学国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,长江水环境教育部重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《生态学报》2008年第3期1192-1200,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40590390;20677021);吉首大学学科发展基金资助项目(S200405)~~

摘　　要：对太湖8个区域共60样点进行底栖大型无脊椎动物采样,共获得底栖动物24种,其中软体动物14种,节肢动物5种,甲壳动物5种。根据Hilsenhoff生物指数确定了15个相对清洁的样点和45个污染样点,然后进行21种生物指数的综合评估,结果表明,总分类单元数、（甲壳动物＋软体动物）分类单元数、%（甲壳动物＋软体动物）、%腹足纲、Goodnight-Whitley指数、Hilsenhoff生物指数和%直接收集者等7个底栖动物生物指数可以用作判别太湖水质的敏感生物指数。通过5,3,1记分法对6种生物指数统一量纲后,获得变化范围为7-35的综合生物指数,运用四分法划分了太湖水质判别的生物基准：7-14很差,15-21差,22-28一般,29-35好,并对60个样点进行重新记分,获得了太湖水质的基本生态分区现状,太湖的东南区属水质较好的区域,而西北区属水质较差的区域。该水质生物基准基本适合评价太湖不同区域的水质状况。To develop benthic macroinvertebrate-based multimetrics for the bioassessment of the water quality of Taihu Lake,benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were sampled at 60 sites in 8 subareas of Taihu Lake.A total of 24 species of the benthos were collected：14 species of Mollusca,5 species of Arthropoda and 5 species of Annelida.Based on Hilsenhoff biotic index discriminatory criteria,15 sites were considered relatively clean while the remaining 45 sites were polluted.A comprehensive evaluation of the metrics was carried out.The results showed that 7 metrics（i.e.,total number of taxa,the number of Mollusca ＆ Crustacea taxa,% Mollusca ＆ Crustacea,% Gastropoda,Goodnight-Whitley index,Hilsenhoff biotic index and % Collector-gathers）were sensitive.A score of 5,3 or 1 was assigned to every metric for standardization of the metrics,and a multimetric on a scale ranging from 7 to 35 for bioassessment was developed for each site by addition of its 7 metrics.Four levels of discriminatory biocriteria for water quality were eventually proposed by quartation：7-14,very poor;15-21,poor;22-28,fair;and 29-35,good.The re-scored results from the 60 sites showed that the water quality of southeastern Taihu Lake was relatively good,whereas that of northwestern Taihu Lake was relatively poor.Basically,the discriminatory biocriteria are suitable for the assessment of the water quality of Taihu Lake.

关 键 词：底栖大型无脊椎动物 生物指数 水质生物评价 记分标准 生物基准 太湖 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]