微藻群落在氮、磷比率与硅酸盐含量的生态位研究  

Niche Characteristics of Microalgae Community in N/P Ratio and Silicon Concentration

作　　者：梁伟峰[1] 李卓佳[1] 陈素文[1] 文国樑[1] 曹煜成[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2008年第2期773-777,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：中央级科研院所基本科研项目(2007ZD01);广东省自然科学基金项目(5003485);广东省科技计划项目(2006B20601009);国家“十一五”支撑计划(2006BAD09A11);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(nyhyzx07-042)

摘　　要：通过Smith生态位宽度指数和Pianka生态位重叠指数分析了啮蚀隐藻、新月菱形藻、微绿球藻和蛋白核小球藻在氮、磷比率和硅酸盐含量资源维上的生态位宽度和生态位重叠特征。结果表明,在氮、磷比率资源上各种群生态位宽度的大小依次为微绿球藻>啮蚀隐藻=蛋白核小球藻>新月菱形藻,各微藻在N∶P=24时生长最好,但新月菱形藻在高氮、磷比率下具有更好的适应性。在硅酸盐含量资源上各种群生态位宽度大小依次为微绿球藻=蛋白核小球藻>啮蚀隐藻>新月菱形藻,对硅酸盐含量的较理想适宜范围除了微绿球藻在28～59μmol·L-1外,各微藻均在28～54μmol·L-1。生态位宽度较小的种与其他种的生态位重叠却大。在氮、磷比率和硅酸盐含量上,蛋白核小球藻分别与微绿球藻和啮蚀隐藻有最大的重叠值,说明蛋白核小球藻在氮、磷比率的需求上和对硅酸盐含量耐受上,分别经受着与微绿球藻和啮蚀隐藻的剧烈竞争。当养殖水体N∶P值高时,微藻定向培育应当选择啮蚀隐藻和新月菱形藻组合或者蛋白核小球藻和新月菱形藻组合;当养殖水体N∶P值较低时可引入微绿球藻、啮蚀隐藻。在硅酸盐含量资源上,对于新月菱形藻和蛋白核小球藻,硅酸盐含量为28μmol·L-1或54μmol·L-1均可,但为了其他微藻的共生长,硅酸盐含量应为28μmol·L-1。Niche breadths and overlaps of four microalgae populations among gradients of N/P ratio and silicon concentration were analyzed using Smith and Pinanka indexes. The results showed that the niche breadth of all populations in N/P ratio resource dimension was as following： Nannichloropsis oculata〉 Cryptomonas erosa Ehr.=Chlorellapyrenoidosa Chick〉 Niztzschia closterium. The suitable N/P ratios for the microalgae ranging above was 8～24, 8～7.3, 16～24 and 24～27.3 respectively. All the microalgae grew well in the N/P ratio of 24, and it was good for Niztzschia closterium in the higher N/P ratio. The niche breadth of all populations in silicon concentration resource dimension was as following： ChloreUa pyrenoidosa Chick=Nannichloropsis oculata〉 Cryptomonas erosa Ehr.〉 Niztzschia closterium. The ideal silicon concentration for the microalgae growth of Nannichloropsis oculata was 28～59 μmol·L^-1, but it was 28～54 μmol·L^-1 for the other microalgae. Population with lower niche breadth had greater niche overlap with other species, such as Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick, with the greatest niche overlap with Nannichloropsis oculata and with Cryptomonas erosa Ehr in the resource of N/P ratio and in the resource of silicon concentration, respectively. Thus Chlorellapyrenoidosa Chick acutely competed with Nannichloropsis oculata and Cryptomonas erosa Ehr. in the resources of N/P ratio and silicon concentration respectively. Niztzschia closterium should be bred in the condition of high N/P ratio with Cryptomomas erosa Ehr. or ChloreUapyrenoidosa Chick, while, under low N/P ratio condition, Cryptomonas erosa Ehr. and Nannichloropsis oculata were suited and they grew well in the broad range of N/P ratio. Niztzschia closterium and ChloreUapyrenoidosa Chick grew well in the silicon concentration of 28 μmol·L^-1 or 54 μmol·L^-1, but if all the mircroagae grew well together, the silicon concentration should be 28 μmol·L^-1.

关 键 词：啮蚀隐藻 新月菱形藻 微绿球藻 蛋白核小球藻 生态位 氮 磷比率 硅盐含量 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]