白鲫(♀)×红鲫(♂)异源四倍体鱼的倍性操作及其生殖力的研究  

CHROMOSOME PLOIDY MANIPULATION OF ALLOTETRAPLOIDS AND THEIR FERTILITY IN JAPANESE PHYTOPHAGOUS CRUCIAN CARP (JPCC) (♀) ×RED CRUCIAN CARP (RCC)(■)

作　　者：陈敏容[1] 杨兴棋[1] 俞小牧[1] 陈宏溪[1] 易泳兰[1] 刘汉勤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072

出　　处：《水生生物学报》1997年第3期197-206,共10页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"八五"攻关项目

摘　　要：采用热休克调控技术诱导出103尾第一代白鲫（♀）×红鲫（）异源四倍体鱼，并对其生殖力进行了研究。1或2龄的四倍体雄鱼能产生精子，而雌鱼不能产生正常的卵。将异源四倍体雄鱼与二倍体白鲫雌鱼交配产生倍间三倍体鱼，染色体检查证明是整三倍体（3N＝150），但其受精率很低（11．4—51．3％，平均32．4％）．网箱养殖结果表明，倍间三倍体白鲫的生长速度比白鲫快30％以上，雌雄均不育．并用冷休克处理回收异源四倍体4N（）×白鲫2N（♀）受精卵的第二极体产生了新的四倍体鱼．文中还对第一代异源四倍体鱼的批量生产、生殖能力以及异源三倍体鱼的生产应用进行了讨论．Heat shock was used to induce allotetraploidy in Japanese phytophagous crucian carp (JPCC) eggs fertilized anificially with sperms from red crucian carp (RCC) 37-38min after fertilization and shortly before cleavage. Milt was obtained from 1- and 2-year old h4n JPCC male, but ovulated females were not found, and back crossed to the 2n JPCC female produced a large number of offsprings. Chromosome analysis of the offsprings, based on cultured leucocytes from peripheral blood indicated that all were triploids (3n = 150). The fertilizing ability of the offspring was very ;ow (11.4-51.3% of fertility, average : 32.4%). The present observahon supports the hypothesis that the head of the diploid spermatozoas being wider than the haploid may prevent their penetration through the ndcropyle canal. Females or males of interploid triploid JPCC did not develop into maturity, but they have higher growth rate than the diploid one. New tetraploids were produced by the retenhon of the second polar bodyfollowing fertilizahon (4N × 2N ♀), and they were found to be tetraploid, triploidand diploid by chromosome analysis (among 72 resultant fish, there were 19 tetraploid,32 triploid and 21 diploid, respechrely.)

关 键 词：鲫鱼 白鲫 红鲫 异源四倍体 倍性操作 生殖力 

分 类 号：Q959.468[生物学—动物学]