从马尾松毛虫蛹中制备甲壳素和壳聚糖  

Preparation of Chitin and Chitosan from the Pupae of Dendrolimus punctatus

作　　者：刘高强[1] 魏美才[1] 刘卫星[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院,长沙410004

出　　处：《林业科学》2008年第3期107-112,共6页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30070627);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(98JJY2010)资助

摘　　要：采用酸碱法对马尾松毛虫蛹中甲壳素的提取及壳聚糖的制备技术进行研究。结果表明:虫蛹甲壳素提取的最佳工艺为——1)脱矿物质:盐酸质量分数为3%,处理温度为35℃,处理时间为20h;2)脱有机物质(蛋白质):NaOH质量分数为5%,处理温度为70℃,处理时间为10h;3)脱色:H2O2质量分数为11%,处理时间为2.5h,处理温度为85℃。在此工艺下所得甲壳素产品为白色片状固体,其产品质量指标达到食品级甲壳素标准。虫蛹壳聚糖制备的最佳工艺为:NaOH质量分数为55%,浸泡时间为6h,浸泡温度为100℃。所得壳聚糖产品为白色片状固体,其水分含量为3.73%,灰分为0.89%,脱乙酰度为93.22%,黏度为22.6mPa.s,产品质量指标也达到食品级壳聚糖标准。本研究提出一种从马尾松毛虫蛹中制备食品级甲壳素,以及制备具有上述特性的虫源壳聚糖的应用技术。Dendrolimus punctatus is one of the most serious forest insect pests, however, it is also a potential bioresource for human. A protocol for preparation of chitin and chitosan from pupae of D. punctatus were developed with the Acid-Alkali method. The optimal techniques for preparation of chitin were as the follows ： the pupae was treated with 3 % HCl at 35 ℃ for 20 h to demineralize; and then treated with 5 % NaOH at 70 ℃ for 10 h for removal of organic substances;and further treated with 11% H2O2 at 85 ℃ for 2.5 h to decolorize. The obtained chitin under the conditions was white sheet solid, and its quality reached to the criterion of food grade. The optimal protocol for preparation of chitosan was as the follows ： the pupae was extracted with 55 % NaOH at,100 ℃ for 6 h. The obtained chitosan under the condition was white sheet solid, and its water content was 3.73% and ash content was O.89%. The degree of deacetylation of the product was 93.22 %, and its viscosity was 22.6 mPa·s, and its quality reached to the criterion of food grade. This work provided a feasible technique for producing chitin and chitosan in food grade from the forest insect pest, D. punctatus with certain characters.

关 键 词：昆虫资源 马尾松毛虫 甲壳素 壳聚糖 制备 

分 类 号：S789[农业科学—林学]