语言经验可以改变双语者的主导语言  

Language Experience and Language Dominance in Bilinguals

作　　者：周晓林[1] 玛依拉·亚克甫[2] 李恋敬[1] 吕建国[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学心理学系,北京100871 [2]新疆师范大学教育科学学院,乌鲁木齐830000 [3]成都医学院应用心理学研究中心,成都610083

出　　处：《心理科学》2008年第2期266-272,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30070260,60435010)资助。

摘　　要：使用语义启动词汇判断范式,研究维吾尔语-汉语和朝鲜语-汉语大学生双语者词汇加工的模式如何受语言经验的影响。实验一表明,维汉双语者既存在语言内、也存在语言间的语义启动效应。不管目标词是维吾尔语还是汉语,以维吾尔语(母语)为启动词的效应要大于以汉语为启动词的效应。实验二表明,朝汉双语者语言内产生了类似大小的效应;但当目标词是汉语、启动词是朝鲜语时,却没有启动效应。进一步的问卷调查表明,朝汉双语被试虽在小学和中学阶段听说和阅读母语的概率大于听说和阅读汉语,但在大学阶段却是汉语占优势;维汉双语被试在小学、中学、大学时的口头语言都是母语占优势;虽然他们在大学阶段阅读汉语的概率要大于母语,但两者的差异要明显小于朝汉双语被试。这些结果说明,语言经验可以改变词汇形式表征的加工速率以及从形式表征出发激活词汇意义的模式,从而使得第二语言有可能取代母语而上升为主导语言。Employing a semantic priming lexieal decision paradigm, this study examined how lexical processing was influenced by language experience in Uyghur-Chinese and Korean-Chinese bilingual college-students. Experiment 1 showed that there were both within-language and between-language priming effects for Uyghur-Chinese participants. The effects were greater for Uyghur primes than for Chinese primes, whether the target words were Uyghur or Chinese. Experiment 2 showed that Korean-Korean, Chinese-Chinese, and Chinese-Korean semantic pairs had significant and equivalent priming effects, but Korean primes did not facilitate the processing of Chinese targets. A questionnaire surveying participants＇ language use and language proficiency demonstrated that, although Korean-Chinese bilinguals used more Korean than Chinese in both spoken language and reading in primary and high schools, they used more Chinese than Korean at college. Although they had the same trend as the Korean-Chinese bilinguals in primary and high schools, Uyghur-Chinese bilinguals used more Uyghur than Chinese in speaking and listening and more Chinese than Uyghur in reading at college. These results suggest that language experience can change the efficiency of lexical form processing and the strength of links between form and semantic representations, making the second language replace the first and become the dominant language.

关 键 词：双语加工 主导语言 维吾尔语-汉语双语 朝鲜语-汉语双语 语义启动 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] H215[哲学宗教—心理学]