视知觉无意识对局部形状和颜色特征加工的注意调节  

Attentive Modulation of the Visual Unconscious Processing of Local Shapes and Colors

作　　者：柯学[1,2] 白学军[1] 隋南[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学心理与行为研究中心,天津300074 [2]香港大学心理学系,中国香港 [3]中国科学院心理研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《心理科学》2008年第2期336-339,共4页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(39970256);中国科学院知识创新青年科学家小组、中国科学院知识创新工程项目(kscx2-2-03);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地基金资助

摘　　要：研究了视知觉无意识对局部几何特征加工中的整体优势效应。被试为天津师范大学本科生60名。仪器为pentium III高分辨率计算机,程序用E-prime心理实验软件系统编制而成。被试的任务是判断靶图形中央线条的方向或颜色。用MANO-VA分析了启动图形对靶图形局部特征加工的启动效应,发现了视知觉对无意识呈现的图形加工具有形状优势效应,启动图形与靶图形的整体形状相同可以抑制对靶图形局部形状特征的判断。当被试的任务变成判断靶线条的颜色或启动图形的边由连通状态变成不连通时,视知觉无意识对启动图形加工的整体优势效应消失。该结果提示整体优势效应很可能与任务涉及的信息通道密切相关,对局部形状特征的注意很可能涉及对周围整体形状信息加工自动抑制的过程。The study was related to the global dominance in visual unconscious processing when the subjects allocated attention to a local part of geometric shapes. The subjects were 60 college students in Tianjin Normal University. The experimental software E-prime was used to control the presentation of stimuli. The participants were not informed of the presence of the geometric prime and simply engaged in discriminationg the orientation or color of the central line segment contained in the target. With multi-variate analysis of variance （ MANOVA ）, the priming effects were investigated. The results showed that there was global dominance in visual unconscious perception when the participants discriminated the target line orientation, and they responded more lowly in congruent trials （the global shapes of the prime and the target were the same） than in incongruent trials （the global shapes were different）, but the selection of local colors for response purposes or the sides of the geometric priming shapes getlving did cormected could eliminate the global dominance effect. It is suggested that global shape dominance is related to the form or the color pathway of visual processing, and a bias inhibition to the prime global shape may be involved when subjects are engaged in a local shape discrimination task.

关 键 词：规知觉 无意识 启动效应 整体优势 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]