深圳市大气降水化学组成演化特征分析：1980-2004年  

Chemical composition characteristic of atmospheric precipitation in Shenzhen from 1980 to 2004

作　　者：黄奕龙[1,2] 王仰麟 张利萍[1] 曾祥坤[1] 朱闻博[3] 付贵萍 

机构地区：[1]北京大学深圳研究生院 [2]深圳市水利规划设计院广东深圳518036 [3]深圳市水利规划设计院

出　　处：《生态环境》2008年第1期147-152,共6页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(40635028);国家博士后科学基金项目(2005037282)

摘　　要：为了定量分析大气降水化学组成的长期变化特征，采用深圳市1980-2004年的大气降水化学资料进行研究，所有样品都分析了pH、Cl^-、F^-、SO4^2-、NO3^-、NH4^＋、Na^＋、K^＋、Ca^2＋和Mg^2＋等指标。结果表明：（1）研究时段内，降水pH随着时间呈逐渐下降趋势，且pH值在大部分年份均低于5．6，最低值仅为4．49，从而对环境酸化产生明显的影响；降水pH还具有较大的时空变异性，南山和宝安区的pH值低于其它四个区；在月度变化上，夏秋季节的pH值低于春冬季节。（2）SO4^2-是降水中最主要的阴离子，占降水中总离子质量的31．34％～38．95％，且SO4^2-对降水酸度的贡献随着时间呈下降趋势；NO3^-是除SO4^2-外最重要的酸根离子，其浓度随着时间呈上升趋势，从而对降水酸度的贡献逐渐增强。（3）Ca^2＋是降水中最主要的阳离子，占降水中总离子质量的14．34％～20．24％。Na^＋是除Ca^2＋外最重要的阳离子。其浓度随着时间呈增加的趋势，NH4^＋的浓度则随着时间呈现先上升后下降的趋势。（4）降水化学组成受到人为源的强烈影响，在研究时段内，人为源呈现上升的趋势，地表源呈现先上升后下降的趋势，海洋源呈现先下降后上升的趋势。（5）研究区的降水化学组成有明显的季节和区域差异，春季和冬季离子含量较高，在夏季较低：南山区、龙岗区降水中离子浓度高于福田区、盐田区、宝安区和罗湖区。In order to understand the long-term trend of chemical composition of wet atmospheric precipitation, the samples were collected from 1986 to 2006 at Shenzhen city, China. All the rainwater samples were analyzed for pH, conductivity, CI, F, SO42, NO3, NH4^＋, Na^＋, K^＋, Ca2^＋ and Mg^2＋. The results expressed that： （1） the pH value of precipitation decreased with time. Average pH during 1986-2006 was lower than 5.6 for mostly years, and the lowest year was only 4.49. The contribution of precipitation pH to environment acidity increased with time. Precipitation pH also had significant variability. The pH value of Nanshan and Bao＇an district has the lowest among the six districts in Shenzhen. And the pH value of summer and autumn was lower than that of spring and winter in monthly scale. （2） SO42 was the most important anion in precipitation, which account for 31.34-38.95% of the total content. NOa was the second important acidity in precipitation, which content increased with time. The contribution to precipitation acidity of SO42 reduced with time, while that of NOa was enhanced with time. （3） Ca^2＋ was the most important cation in precipitation, which account for 14.34-20.24% of the total content. Na^＋ was the second important cation in precipitation, which content increased with time. The content of NH4^＋ increased and then decreased with time. （4） During 1980-2004, the anthropogenic source of precipitation increased with time, continental materials of precipitation increased and then decreased with time, while sea source decreased and then increased with time. （5） The chemical composition of precipitation had significantly spatial and temporal variability. The chemical of precipitation was higher in spring and winter than that of summer in monthly scale, while the chemical of precipitation was higher in Nanshan and Longgan than that of Futian, Yangtian, Bao＇an and Luohu district.

关 键 词：深圳 降水 化学组成 演化特征 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]