行人与汽车碰撞中颅骨骨折损伤机理的虚拟实验研究  

A Virtual Experimental Study on Skull Fracture Injury Mechanisms in Car-Pedestrian Impact

作　　者：许伟[1] 杨济匡[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学,汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室,长沙410082

出　　处：《汽车工程》2008年第4期291-296,共6页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(10472031)资助

摘　　要：采用汽车-行人多刚体动力学模型,模拟行人与汽车碰撞中人体的动态响应过程,并计算头部与风挡玻璃碰撞接触瞬间的方位、速度和角速度等运动参数;然后将这些参数输入到先前建立并验证了的行人头部有限元模型HBM-head中,模拟头部与风挡玻璃和A立柱的碰撞过程,并分析与损伤相关的生物力学参数。结果表明,结合多刚体动力学和有限元分析的虚拟实验技术可进行碰撞事故重建和损伤机理分析,模拟颅骨骨折,计算分析颅骨在冲击载荷下的应力,并确立骨折损伤与应力参数之间的内在关系,从而为降低行人头部损伤风险,改进轿车安全设计提供依据。A multi-rigid-body dynamics model for car-pedestrian impact is established for the simulation on the dynamic response of pedestrian in a crash with car, and the motion parameters of orientation, velocity and rotation velocity of human head at the moment of impact contact with windscreen are calculated. Then these motion parameters are input into a FE model ＇ HBM-head＇ set up and validated in advance to simulate the head response in the impact with windshield and A-pillar, with the injury-related biomechanics parameters analyzed. The results show that the virtual experiment technology combining multi-body dynamics and FEA is feasible and effective for the reconstruction of crash accident and analysis on head injury mechanism, the simulation on skull fracture, the calculation of stresses in skull under impact load, as well as the establishment of the intrinsic relation between fracture injury and stress parameters, and hence it provides a basis for reducing the head injury risk of pedestrian and the improvement in car safety design.

关 键 词：汽车-行人碰撞 头部模型 颅骨骨折 虚拟实验 

分 类 号：U467.13[机械工程—车辆工程]