生态足迹在城市规划环境评价中的应用——以苏州市域城镇体系规划为例  

APPLICATION OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT IN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR URBAN PLANNING——A CASE STUDY OF URBAN PLANNING IN SUZHOU

作　　者：寇刘秀[1] 包存宽[1] 蒋大和[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2008年第1期119-123,共5页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关课题"若干重要环境政策及环境科技发展战略研究"第五子课题"规划环境影响评价技术方法研究"(2003BA614A-1-5)

摘　　要：以苏州市域城镇体系规划为例,探讨运用生态足迹进行融合型规划环境影响评价的方法,为规划环评较早地介入规划编制过程进行了有益的探索:在规划编制初期,确定规划的生态底限,农业用地、非农建设用地和水域的面积不低于3 728、1 016和2 019 km^2;在规划编制过程中,根据现状评价的结果提出耕地是苏州城市发展的限制因子,水资源是优势因子,并估算了规划实施前后苏州市的生态足迹和生态承载力的变化情况。结果表明:规划实施后,苏州市的人均生态赤字有加大的趋势,耕地的赤字是最主要的贡献者,草地和能源用地的生态盈亏无变化,林地的生态赤字将减少,建设用地和水域的生态盈余将增加。依据该结果提出了减缓生态赤字的措施以及调整规划的意见:优化城镇发展空间,提高中心城市的容积率,置换出一定面积的生态用地,降低耕地的生态赤字;发展大运量的轨道交通和水路运输,减少交通能耗和机动车尾气的排放,降低能源用地的生态赤字。With the urban planning in Suzhou as an example,this paper discussed the application of ecological footprint in environmental impact assessment for integrated urban planning, performing a useful exploration for an early involvement of the environmental assessment for urban planning in the process of compiling urban planning. At the beginning of urban planning in Suzhou, the ecological bottom line was set as that agricultural land, nongricultural construction land and water area should not be less than 3 728, 2 019 and 1016 km^2 respectively. In the process of urban planning in Suzhou, according to the results of current assessment,cropland is proposed to be a limiting factor while water resources a dominant factor for the urban development of Suzhou. Then the changes in the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of Suzhou before and after the implementation of urban plan were estimated. The results showed that after the implementation of the urban plan in Suzhou, the ecological deficit per capita will increase. Cropland will be the main contributor to ecological deficit,pasture and energy lands will remain unchanged in their ecological remainder and deficit, and ecological deficit in forests will decrease. On the other hand ,construction land and water area will increase in ecological remainder. At last, countermeasures based on the results were put forward to mitigate the ecological deficit and adjust the urban planning in Suzhou： （1） urban development space should be optimized and the capacity of central cities should be improved so as to increase ecological sites area and reduce the ecological deficit of cropland; （2） rail and river transportation with great capacity should be developed in order to reduce traffic energy consumption and vehicle exhaust emissions and decrease the ecological deficit in energy land.

关 键 词：生态足迹 生态承载力 城市规划环境评价 融合型评价 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]